Who chose to emigrate to North American from England in the seventeenth century and explain their reasons?

2. Describe who chose to emigrate to North America from England in the seventeenthcentury and explain their reasons.

Get answer to your question and much more

3. How did the tobacco economy draw the Chesapeake colonies into the greaterAtlantic world?

Get answer to your question and much more

Key Terms:Virginia CompanyIn 1607, the Virginia Company, made up of mostly merchants, members of Parliament,and aristocrats, financed the first English trip to North America. Soon thereafter, the firstpermanent English settlement would be planted.John Winthrop

John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts in the mid 1600s, a puritansupporting the idea of moral liberty, “a liberty to that only which is good”. He helpedinstill a belief that subjection to authority was the path to true freedom.Pequot WarThe Pequot War was between the powerful tribe of Pequot and the New Englanders,starting in 1637 when a fur trader was killed by the Pequots. The Pequot village wasburned down and after a few months the Pequots were beaten, instilling fear to otherIndians from the New Englanders which lead to the expanding of white settlements.English LibertyEnglish liberty created from the Magna Carta in the 1200s, granted free men a small set ofliberties. However, with the evolution of man, the idea of liberty expanded specifically tothe rights of the English, legitimizing to its citizens that wars against France and Spainwere freedom against tyranny.

End of preview. Want to read all 2 pages?

Upload your study docs or become a

Course Hero member to access this document

Give me Liberty!, p. 86

4. Describe who chose to emigrate to North America from England in the seventeenth century and explain their reasons.

There were several important reasons why the people from England decided to emigrate to North America. First of all, there were the religious people who decided to leave their home. They came to North America because they wanted to practise their religion on their own way and not like England told them to. The Puritans, for example, thought that the Church of England became too much Catholic. They also hoped that they would establish a Bible which also would influence the church in England. Another group of people who wanted to emigrate to North America were these who wanted to become landowner. They believed to receive liberty when they got their own land. They could decide over their own labor and vote in many colonies. Another group were single, young men from the bottom of the English society who hadn’t much to lose and also had the hope of a better life in the New World. All these groups had their own reason to leave England and to sail to North America to start a new life there.

English Settlers in America Bettmann/CORBIS

Do you have complicated feelings about Thanksgiving? Maybe your ancestors were among this continent’s indigenous peoples, and you have good reason to be rankled by thoughts of newly arrived English colonists feasting on Wamapanoag-procured venison, roasted wild turkey, and stores of indigenous corn. Or maybe Thanksgiving marks the beginning of a holiday season that brings with it the intricate emotional challenges of memory, home and family.

If you’re someone who feels a sense of angst, foreboding, or misery about this time of year, take heart: American history is on your side.

The truth of our history is that only a small minority of the early English immigrants to this country would have been celebrating as the New England Puritans did at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621.

A thousand miles south, in Virginia and the Carolinas, the mood and the menu would have been drastically different—had there ever been a Thanksgiving there. Richard Frethorne, an indentured servant in the Virginia colony during the 1620s, wrote in a letter: “Since I came out of the ship, I never ate anything but peas, and loblollie (that is, water gruel).”

And don’t imagine for a second that those peas Frethorne was gobbling down were of the lovely, tender green garden variety dotted with butter. No, in the 1620s, Frethorne and his friends would have subsisted on a grey field pea resembling a lentil.

“As for deer or venison,” Frethorne wrote , “I never saw any since I came into this land. There is indeed some fowl, but we are not allowed to go and get it, but must work hard both early and late for a mess of water gruel and a mouthful of bread and beef.”

Frethorne’s letter is a rare surviving document reflecting the circumstances of the majority of English colonists who came to North America in the 17th century. The New England Puritans, after all, comprised only 15 to 20 percent of early English colonial migration.

Not only did the majority of English colonial migrants eat worse than the Puritans, but also their prayers (had they said any) would have sounded decidedly less thankful.

“People cry out day and night,” Frethorne wrote, “Oh! That they were in England without their limbs—and would not care to lose any limb to be in England again, yea though they beg from door to door.”

English migrants in Virginia had good reason not to feel grateful. Most came unfree, pushed out of England by economic forces that privatized shared pastures and farmlands and pushed up the prices of basic necessities. By the 17th century, more than half of the English peasantry was landless. The price of food shot up 600 percent, and firewood by 1,500 percent.

Many peasants who were pushed off their homelands built makeshift settlements in the forests, earning reputations as criminals and thieves. Others moved to the cities, and when the cities proved no kinder, they signed contracts promising seven years of hard labor in exchange for the price of passage to the Americas, and were boarded onto boats.

A trip to Virginia cost Frethorne and others like him six months salary and took about 10 weeks. One quarter to one half of new arrivals to Virginia and the Carolinas died within one year due to diseases like dysentery, typhoid, and malaria. Others succumbed to the strain of hard labor in a new climate and a strange place—an adjustment process the English described as “seasoning.” Only 7 percent of indentures claimed the land that they had been promised.

Most of these common English migrants did not read or write, so vivid and revealing letters like Frethorne’s are rare. But in the research for my book Why We Left: Songs and Stories from America’s First Immigrants, I learned how English migrants viewed their situation through the songs they sang about the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. Those songs survived hundreds of years by word of mouth before they were written down in the 20th century.

These were not songs of thankfulness—not by a long shot. They were ballads full of ghastly scenes of the rejection, betrayal, cruelty, murder, and environmental ruin that had driven them out of England -- and of the seductive but false promises that drew them to America. These 17th-century songs planted the seeds for a new American genre of murder and hard luck ballads that was later picked up and advanced by singers like Johnny Cash, whose ancestors, like mine, were among those early hard luck migrants from England to America.

So if you find yourself a little blue this holiday season, take your marshmallow-topped sweet potatoes with a liberal dose of the Man In Black, and reassure yourself that you are a part of a long, long American tradition.

Joanna Brooks is Associate Dean of Graduate and Research Affairs at San Diego State University and author of Why We Left: Untold Stories and Songs of America’s First Immigrants (Minnesota, 2013). She wrote this for Zocalo Public Square.

Why We Left: Untold Stories and Songs of America's First Immigrants