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An intentional breach to digital security often involves a deliberate act that is against the law.1 Cybercrime refers to online or Internet-based illegal acts such as distributing malicious software or committing identity theft. Perpetrators of cybercrime typically fall into one of these categories: hacker, cracker, script kiddie, corporate spy, unethical employee, cyberextortionist, and cyberterrorist. The term hacker refers to someone who accesses a computer or network illegally. Some hackers claim the intent of their security breaches is to improve security. A cracker also is someone who accesses a computer or network illegally but has the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action. Both hackers and crackers have advanced computer and network skills. A script kiddie has the same intent as a cracker but does not have the technical skills and knowledge. Script kiddies often use prewritten hacking and cracking programs. Corporate spies and unethical employees are other types of cybercrime perpetrators. Some corporate spies have excellent computer and networking skills and are hired to break into a specific computer and steal its proprietary data and information, or to help identify security risks in their own organization. Unethical employees may break into their employers’ computers for a variety of reasons. They may want to exploit a security weakness, receive financial gains from selling confidential information, or even to seek revenge (Gonzalez). A cyberextortionist is someone who demands payment to stop an attack on an organization’s technology infrastructure. For example, these criminals threaten to expose confidential information, exploit a security flaw, or launch an attack that will compromise the organization’s network. A cyberterrorist is someone who uses the Internet or network to destroy or damage computers for political reasons. Cyberwarfare is an attack whose goal ranges from disabling a government’s computer network to crippling a country. Cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare usually require a team of highly skilled individuals, millions of dollars, and several years of planning (Zheng and Rutherford).
someone who accesses a computer or network illegally
someone who accesses a computer or network illegallly with the intent of destroying data, stealing information, or other malicious action
a potentially damaging computer program that affectrs, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user's knowledge or permission
malware that resides in active memory and replicates itself over a network to infect machines, using up the system resources and possibly shutting down the system
a destructive program disguised as a real program, such as a screen saver
malware that easily can hide and allow someone to take full control of a computer from a remote location, often for nefarious purposes
a group of compromised computers or mobile devices connected to a network such as the internet that are used to attack other networks, usually for nefarious purposes
a compromised computer or device whose owner is unaware the computer or device is being controled remotely by an outsider
a program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network
hardware and/or software that protect a network's resources from intrusion by users on another network such as the Internet
aka AUP; outlines the activities for which a computer and network may and may not be used
a numeric password; aka personal identification number
the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks
a technique that some software manufactuerers use to ensure that you do not install software on more computers than legally licensed
illegal act that occurs when someone steals person or confidential information
the process of converting data that is readable by human into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access
device that uses electrical components to provide a stable current flow and minimize the chances of an overvoltage reaching the computer and other electronic equipment
computer that has duplicate components so that it can continue to operate when one of its main components fails
aka uninterruptible power supply; a device that contains surge protection circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power
any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer or mobile device hardware, software, data, information, or processing capabilty
software that acts without a user's knowledge and deliberately alters the computer's operations;; aka malicious software
technique intruders use to make their network or internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network
license agreement included with software purchased by individual users
a legal agreement that allows multiple users to access software on the server simultaneously
a website that uses encryption techniques to secure its data
a written guidelines that helps determine whether a specific action is ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed
an unsolicited email message or posting sent to many recipients or forums at once
a scam in which a perpetrator attempts to obtain your and/or financial information
the process of restricting access to certain material
the use of computers, mobile devices, or cameras to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a technology, including communications such as email messages, keyboard activity, and websites visited
a legal agreement that permits users to install software on multiple computers, usually at a volume discount
Who you purchase software or have something installed, you are allowed to intall it on your computer, but not allowed to give the CD or DVD to another person. What type of license agreement is this?
Companies using a single-user agreement, know by reading a computers ___ ________.
If attempted to give someone else a CD or DVD, while using a single-user agreement, what could happen?
the DVD or CD could be wiped
Cite licenses cost [ MORE or LESS] than individual licenses
publishers allow organizations to purchase the righrs for software use on multiple computers
What is a network license?
the software is installed on the server and not individual computers
a federal law that's suppossed to prevent organizations from collecting data the company's don't need |
Who accesses a computer or network illegally but has the intent of destroying data stealing information or other malicious action?
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