When the strand of hair is wrapped at an angle 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section it will result in?

The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is:a. curl softeningb. curl re-formationc. alternate waving

d. swelling compound

The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the:a. medullab. regularc. cortex

d. arrector

The natural pH of hair is:a. 4.5b. 5.0c. 7.0

d. 8.0

In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the:a. position of the rodb. length of the hairc. wrapping of the rod

d. size of the rod

The technique of wrapping at a 90-degree angle or straight out from the center is:a. half off-base placementb. on-base placementc. off-base placement

d. full base placement

a. half off-base placement

The two basic types of wrapping hair around a perm rod are the spiral method and:a. loop methodb. croquignole methodc. placement method

d. horizontal method

A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of:a. oxygenb. peroxidec. carbon

d. nitrgen

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:a. 9.0-9.6b. 10.0-10.8c. 8.0-9.0

d. 7.6-8.4

The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator and:a. conditionerb. stabilizerc. neutralizer

d. shampoo

The endothermic wave must be activated using a(n):a. ammonia lotionb. outside heat sourcec. sulfite source

d. reducing agent

Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of:a. 2 minutesb. 10 minutesc. 15 minutes

d. 5 minutes

The process of rearranging extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is:a. chemical hair relaxingb. chemical smoothingc. continuation

d. neutralizing

a. chemical hair relaxing

Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above:a. 5b. 10c. 9

d. 6

Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a(n):a. acid-balanced shampoob. conditioning rinsec. thio neutralizer

d. acid-free shampoo

Which type of relaxer contains one component and is used without any additional mixing?a. thio relaxersb. lye-based relaxersc. metal hydroxide relaxers

d. acid-base relaxers

c. metal hydroxide relaxers

Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as:a. conditioner relaxersb. no-lye relaxersc. no chemical relaxers

d. lye relaxers

Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical changes?a. disulfide bondsb. polypeptide bondsc. salts bonds

d. waving bonds

Which type of rod is also commonly known as a circle rod?a. loops rodsb. soft bender rodsc. concave rods

d. straight rods

For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a ________ angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.a. 180-degreeb. 15-degreec. 90-degree

d. 45-degree

Which of these permanent waves processes at room temperature?a. ammonia-free waveb. exothermic wavec. low-pH wave

d. true acid wave

Chemical texturizers ________ the pH of the hair.a. lowerb. raisec. neutralize

d. do not affect

When should you perform an elasticity test?a. before the hair permingb. while perming hairc. after perming hair

d. never

a. before the hair perming

Porous hair:a. is difficult to penetrateb. should never be permedc. can be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution

d. can be damaged by a highly acidic permanent waving solution

c. can be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution

GMTG, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves, has:a. no pHb. a neutral pHc. a high pH

d. a low pH

True acid waves:a. have a pH between 5.5-8.0b. require heat to processc. process very quickly

d. produce a very firm curl

d. produce a very firm curl

Ammonia-free waves:a. have a very strong odorb. are very acidicc. contain some ammonia

d. can be damaging

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within:a. 5-10 minutesb. 10-20 minutesc. 20-30 minutes

d. 45-60 minutes

With permanent waving, it is recommended that you:a. perm hair that has previously been treated with hydroxide relaxersb. perm excessively damaged hairc. examine the scalp before the perm service

d. perform a test for metallic salts only if the client requests it

c. examine the scalp before the perm service

With extremely curly hair, the twists are the __________ sections of the hair strands.a. thickest and strongestb. thinnest and weakestc. thickest and weakest

d. thinnest and strongest

Relaxers are:a. extremely alkalineb. extremely acidicc. mildly alkaline

d. mildly acidic

If a clients hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it:a. has disulfide bonds that are in the process of reformingb. has strong disulfide bondsc. is ideal for permanent waving

d. will not hold a curl

A ______ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.a. double flat wrapb. double-rod wrapc. croquignole perm wrap

d. single flat wrap

Which type of rods are usually about 12-inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length?a. straight rodsb. loop rodsc. soft bender rods

d. circle rods

Thioglygolic acid:a. has no odorb. is a common reducing agentc. is dark in color

d. has a pleasant scent

b. is a common reducing agent

The _________ is the innermost layer of the hair.a. cortexb. basec. medulla

d. cuticle

The partings and bases radiate throughout the panes to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap?a. bricklay permanent wrapb. double flat wrapc. spiral perm wrap

d. curvature permanent wrap

d. curvature permanent wrap

The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called:a. hydrogen bondsb. peptide bondsc. disulfide bonds

d. thio bonds

A ________ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. a. spiral perm wrapb. straight set wrapc. basic permanent wrap

d. bookend wrap

Which of these is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing?a. weave techniqueb. Japanese thermal straighteningc. thio neutralization

d. no-base relaxing

b. Japanese thermal straightening

Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?a. hydroxide relaxerb. metal hydroxide relaxerc. thio relaxer

d. base relaxer

The middle layer or the hair is the:a. medullab. cuticlec. cortex

d. base

Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head?a. base placementb. base directionc. base insertion

d. base reduction

A _______ is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.a. basic permanent wrapb. curvature permanent wrapc. bricklay permanent wrap

d. bookend wrap

A ____ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panes move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.a. basic permanent wrapb. croquinole perm wrapc. double-end wrap

d. bookend wrap

Which of these are commonly known as lye relaxers?a. metal hydroxide relaxersb. carbonate hydroxide relaxersc. sodium hydroxide relaxers

d. iron hydroxide relaxers

c. sodium hydroxide relaxers

Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?a. straight rodsb. loop rodsc. concave rods

d. convex rods

Which of these terms refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquida. durationb. viscosityc. intensityd. amperage

The _______ is the tough exterior layer of the hair.a. cuticleb. medullac. base

d. cortex

Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section?a. base altitudeb. half of-base placementc. base direction

d. base placement

A ____ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft.a. spiral perm wrapb. double flat wrapc. piggyback wrap

d. bricklay wrap

Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form?a. lanthionizationb. thio neutralizationc. hydroxide neutralization

d. peptide neutralization

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as:a. neutralizationb. monopeptide chainsc. amino chains

d. polypeptide chains

The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called:a. lanthionizationb. permanent wavingc. normalization

d. sidulfide bonding

Hydrogen bonds can be broken by:a. only waterb. only heatc. either water or heat

d. neither water or heat

The reducing agent used in permanet waving solutions is commonly referred to as:a. hydroxideb. thioc. sulfate

d. disulfide

Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in them:a. swells the hairb. penetrates into the cortexc. both swells the hair and penetrates into the cortex

d. neither swells the hair and penetrates into the cortex

d. neither swells the hair and penetrates into the cortex

A pH of 7.0 is __________ than the pH of hair.a. 10 times more alkalineb. 100 times more alkalinec. 10 times more acidic

d. 100 times more acidic

b. 100 times more alkaline

Most of the acid waves found in today's salons have a pH between:a. 7.8-8.2b. 9.5-10.5c. 3.8-4.2

d. 4.5-5.5

Which of these is NOT one of the three main components of an exothermic wave?a. permanent waving solutionb. neutralizerc. activator

d. concentrrator

A(n) _______ uses an endothermic process.a. alkaline waveb. thio-free wavec. low-pH

d. acid-balanced wave

Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair?a. true acid waveb. exothermic wavec. ammonia-free wave

d. alkaline wave

What is the most common neutralizer?a. ammoniab. hydrogen peroxidec. sodium chloride

d. distilled water

When rinsing the hair for a permanent wave, it is recommended that you:a. never rinse longer than 20 secondsb. make sure the hair is still moderately moist before neutralizingc. always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed

d. aggressively blot the hair

c. always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed

Japenese thermal straightening:a. is a recommended service for extremely curly hairb. usually takes about 30 minutesc. is appropriate for all color-treated hair

d. is sometimes called thermal reconditioning

d. is sometimes called thermal reconditioning

Mild-strength relaxers are formulated for:a. normal hair texture with a medium natural curlb. fine, color-treated, or damaged hairc. very coarse, extremely curly hair

d. resistant hair

b. fine, color-treated, or damaged hair