What factors are associated with the development of health services professionals in the United States?

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Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2022, e09160

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Determinants and Ethiopia

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(Reference) First author + Year + Country	Study design	Setting	Study population	Risk of bias	Quality
[38] Harrold, 2014 U.S.A	Retrospective cohort	Hospice Care at Home	35,232 patients (53.8% women). Mean age mean: 79 (71–89) years	Convenience sample	High (5)
[42] Holm SG, 2014 Norway	Cross-sectional	Home Care Services, including Home Help, Home Nursing Care or both	276 home care recipients in municipality A and 181 in B	Convenience sample	High (5)
[27] Montalto M, 2010 Australia	Cohort	HIH, as the equivalent of a ward or clinical unit of the hospital, in a large not-for-profit private Hospital	3,423 episodes (44.7% women); age range 0 to + 80	Convenience sample. There is no control group. There is no control for confounding variables in the design/analysis. There is no blind or third party evaluation. Precision of results not reported (only p values)	Low (2)
[43] Vecchio N, 2007. Australia	Cross-sectional	Community-based non-government national home care services provider	218 clients (57% women), age range 7 to 99	Single-centre study with a convenience sample. Precision of results not reported	Medium (3)
[39] Adams, 2001. U.S.A	Retrospective cohort	Non-profit Medicare-certified Home Health Agencies	2,788 episodes of medical-surgical patients (65% women), mean age (75 years (SD 13.5)	Convenience sample	High (5)
[28] Adams, 2000 U.S.A	Prospective cohort	Non-profit Medicare-certified Home Health Agencies	2,788 episodes of medical-surgical patients (65% women), mean age (75 years (SD 13.5)	Convenience sample. There is no control for confounding variables in the design/analysis	Medium (3)
[29] Lee TT, 2000 U.S.A	Cohort	Home Healthcare	244 patients (50% women), mean age 60.5 years	Single-centre study with a convenience sample. Precision of results not reported	Medium (3)
[30] Payne SM, 1998 U.S.A	Cohort	Non proprietary Home Health Agencies	4,426 home health visits, based on 2,012 clients. The average age of the clients was 59.2 years, 58.5% were women	Convenience sample of experienced nurses (unrepresentative)	Medium (3)
[31] Hays BJ, 1995 U.S.A	Cross-sectional	Home health agency that serves urban and rural areas	237 patients (64% female), 81% 60 years or older	Precision of results not reported	Medium (4)
[32] Bonifassi, 1994. France	Cohort	Hospitalisation at home centers	163 stay in Hospitalisation at home centers. Patients with HIV, with an average age of 36.5 years, mostly male	Convenience sample. Limited to HIV-patients Basic descriptive analysis, without adjusting the results and without reporting its precision	Low (1)
[44] Trisolini MG, 1994. U.S.A	Cross-sectional	Home Healthcare	273 patient visits; 67% women. Mean age: 67.4 (SD: 16.8) years	Convenience sample Non-validated measuring instrument Precision of results not reported	Medium (4)
[40] Tiesinga, 1994. Netherlands	Retrospective cohort	Community Health Care institutions (rural and urban)	65 community health nurses and community nurse auxiliaries; 1,200 patients 69% women); average age: 70 years	Convenience sample Non-validated measuring instrument Precision of results not reported	Medium (4)
[33] Churness, 1991 U.S.A	Cohort	Home Health Nursing Services	83 out of 138 nurses collected data on 1,183 home visits. In phase III, 187 visits were in the sample	Convenience sample During the time of the study, pay-per-visit was introduced (possible information bias). Non-validated measuring instrument Precision of results not reported	Low (2)
[34] Cox CL, 1990 U.S.A	Cohort	A hospital-affiliated, non-profit, Medicare-Certified home health care agency that provides skilled nursing care, and other professional and home health aide services	50 patients (68% women); mean age: 76.8 years	Convenience sample It does not take into account factors related to the activity of professionals. Precision of results not reported	Medium (3)
[35] Williams BC, 1990. U.S.A	Cohort	Home health services	1984 episodes of care corresponding to 1963 patients (63% women); median age: 69 years (range < 1 to > 99 years)	It does not take into account factors related to the activity of professionals. Precision of results not reported	Medium (3)
[36] Peters DA, 1988. U.S.A	Cohort	Home Care, as provided by a visiting nurse association (Agency A) and a hospital-based home care program (Agency B)	560 home care cases: 314 from Agency A and 246 from Agency B Mean age of 63	Convenience sample Validity data of the measuring instrument not shown. Precision of results not reported	Medium (4)
[37] Stark AJ, 1984. Canada	Cohort	Long-term care program	3518 clients (75.9% women); Mean age in Unit A (urban): 78.5 years (S.D. 13.3) and in Unit B (semi-rural): 74.6 years (S.D. 14.8)	Convenience sample There is no definition about the measure of the level of care/activity performed. No analysis plan is established. Precision of results not reported	Medium (3)
[41] Ballard, 1983. U.S.A	Retrospective cohort	Home Care Agencies	397 patient records (56.2% women); mean age: 70.9 years (range 1 to 96)	Limited to cancer or cardiac patients. No information about the professionals’ activities. There is not standardized definitions	Medium (4)