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There are 2 versions of the Maine County Song.
To the tune of Yankee Doodle: The sixteen counties in our state are: Cumberland and Franklin, Piscataquis and Somerset, Aroostook, Androscoggin, Sagadahoc and Kennebec, Lincoln, Knox, and Hancock, Waldo, Washington, and York, Oxford and Penobscot. Listen to the County Song sung by the entire fourth grade class at the Dike-Newell School, Bath, Maine in 2008. 
To the tune of Yankee Doodle: There are 16 Counties in our state: There's Cumberland and Franklin, Piscataquis and Kennebec, Oxford, Androscoggin, Waldo, Washington and York, Lincoln, Knox, and Hancock, Sagadahoc and Somerset, Aroostook and Penobscot. Listen to the County song sung by Mrs. Dawson's 4th Grade class and recorded by Mr. John Fenlason of Harrison C. Lyseth School, Portland, 2014 County InformationClick on a County for size, population, cities, towns and more! AndroscogginSIZE: 459 square miles INCORPORATED: 1854 COUNTY SEAT: Auburn POPULATION: 107,702 CITIES: Auburn, and Lewiston. AroostookSIZE: 6,453 square miles INCORPORATED: 1839 COUNTY SEAT: Houlton POPULATION: 71,870 CITIES: Caribou, Presque Isle CumberlandSIZE: 853 square miles INCORPORATED: 1760 COUNTY SEAT: Portland POPULATION: 281,674 CITIES: Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook TOWNS: Baldwin, Bridgton, Brunswick, Cape Elizabeth, Casco, Cumberland, Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, Harpswell, Harrison, Naples, New Gloucester, North Yarmouth, Pownal, Raymond, Scarborough, Sebago, Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth. FranklinSIZE: 1,789 square miles INCORPORATED: 1838 COUNTY SEAT: Farmington POPULATION:30,768 TOWNS: Avon, Carrabassett Valley, Carthage, Chesterville, Eustis, Farmington, Industry, Jay, Kingfield, Madrid, New Sharon, New Vineyard, Phillips, Rangeley, Strong, Temple, Weld and Wilton. HancockSIZE: 1,522 square miles INCORPORATED: 1789 COUNTY SEAT: Ellsworth POPULATION: 54,418 CITY: Ellsworth KennebecSIZE: 879 square miles INCORPORATED: 1799 COUNTY SEAT: Augusta POPULATION: 122,151 CITIES: Augusta, Gardiner, Hallowell and Waterville. KnoxSIZE: 374 square miles INCORPORATED: 1860 COUNTY SEAT: Rockland POPULATION: 39,736 CITY: Rockland TOWNS: Appleton, Camden, Cushing, Friendship, Hope, Isle au Haut, North Haven, Owls Head, Rockport, St. George, South Thomaston, Thomaston, Union, Vinalhaven, Warren and Washington. PLANTATION: Matinicus Island LincolnSIZE: 457 square miles INCORPORATED: 1760 COUNTY SEAT: Wiscassett POPULATION: 34,457 TOWNS: Alna, Boothbay, Boothbay Harbor, Bremen, Bristol, Damariscotta, Dresden, Edgecomb, Jefferson, Newcastle, Nobleboro, Somerville, South Bristol, Southport, Waldoboro, Westport, Whitefield and Wiscasset. OxfordSIZE: 2,023 square miles INCORPORATED: 1805 COUNTY SEAT: Paris POPULATION: 57,833 TOWNS: Andover, Bethel, Brownfield, Buckfield, Byron, Canton, Denmark, Dixfield, Fryeburg, Gilead, Greenwood, Hanover, Hartford, Hebron, Hiram, Lovell, Mexico, Newry, Norway, Otisfield, Oxford, Paris, Peru, Porter, Roxbury, Rumford, Stoneham, Stowe, Sumner, Sweden, Upton, Waterford, West Paris and Woodstock. PenobscotSIZE: 3,258 square miles INCORPORATED: 1816 COUNTY SEAT: Bangor POPULATION: 153,923 CITIES: Bangor, Brewer and Old Town. TOWNS: Alton, Bradford, Bradley, Burlington, Carmel, Charleston, Chester, Clifton, Corinna, Corinth, Dexter, Dixmont, East Millinocket, Eddington, Edinburg, Enfield, Etna, Exeter, Garland, Glenburn, Greenbush, Greenfield, Hampden, Hermon, Holden, Howland, Hudson, Indian Island, Kenduskeag, Lagrange, Lakeville, Lee, Levant, Lincoln, Lowell, Mattawamkeag, Maxfield, Medway, Milford, Millinocket, Mount Chase, Newburgh, Newport, Orono, Orrington, Passadumkeag, Patten, Plymouth, Springfield, Stacyville, Stetson, Veazie, Winn and Woodville. PLANTATIONS: Carroll, Drew, Prentiss, Sebois and Webster. PiscataquisSIZE: 3,770 square miles INCORPORATED: 1838 COUNTY SEAT: Dover-Foxcroft POPULATION: 17,535 TOWNS: Abbott, Atkinson, Beaver Cove, Bowerbank, Brownville, Dover-Foxcroft, Greenville, Guilford, Medford, Milo, Monson, Parkman, Sangerville, Sebec, Shirley, Wellington and Willimantic. SagadahocSIZE: 250 square miles INCORPORATED: 1854 COUNTY SEAT: Bath POPULATION: 35,293 CITY: Bath SomersetSIZE: 3,633 square miles INCORPORATED: 1809 COUNTY SEAT: Skowhegan POPULATION: 52,228 TOWNS: Anson, Athens, Bingham, Cambridge, Canaan, Cornville, Detroit, Embden, Fairfield, Harmony, Hartland, Jackman, Madison, Mercer, Moose River, Moscow, New Portland, Norridgewock, Palmyra, Pittsfield, Ripley, Saint Albans, Skowhegan, Smithfield, Solon and Starks. WaldoSIZE: 724 square miles INCORPORATED: 1827 COUNTY SEAT: Belfast POPULATION: 38,786 CITY: Belfast TOWNS: Belmont, Brooks, Burnham, Frankfort, Freedom, Islesboro, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Lincolnville, Monroe, Montville, Morrill, Northport, Palermo, Prospect, Searsmont, Searsport, Stockton Springs, Swanville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity, Waldo and Winterport. WashingtonSIZE: 2,528 square miles INCORPORATED: 1789 COUNTY SEAT: Machias POPULATION: 32,856 CITIES: Calais and Eastport. TOWNS: Addison, Alexander, Baileyville, Beals, Beddington, Centerville, Charlotte, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Cooper, Crawford, Cutler, Danforth, Deblois, Dennysville, East Machias, Harrington, Indian Township, Jonesboro, Jonesport, Lubec, Machais, Machiasport, Marshfield, Meddybemps, Milbridge, Northfield, Pembroke, Perry, Princeton, Robbinston, Roque Bluffs, Steuben, Talmadge, Topsfield, Vanceboro, Waite, Wesley, Whiting and Whitneyville. PLANTATIONS: Baring, Codyville and Grand Lake Stream. YorkSIZE: 989 square miles INCORPORATED: 1636 COUNTY SEAT: Alfred POPULATION: 197,131 CITIES: Biddeford and Saco. Information obtained from: U.S. Census Bureau, Geographic Comparison Table Date of Creation of All 3,142 U.S. Counties from MapPorn
Did you know that there are 3,142 different counties in the U.S. today? Going as far back as the 1600s, English settlers arriving in the New World envisioned counties as a means of accessible government—a county seat was meant to be within a day’s buggy ride for every citizen. While the role of counties in local government has remained significant in modern times, their boundaries have changed drastically over the years. This animated map by Alexander Varlamov visualizes the history of U.S. county borders, and how these jurisdictions have evolved over time. County EquivalentsBefore diving in, it’s important to note a few county-equivalents that function similarly but go by different names:
Over 300 Years of GrowthThe number of counties in the U.S. has increased dramatically since the early days of American history. Here’s a look at their growth since 1790:
The first county was established in 1634, over 100 years before the first Census was taken (and long before America gained independence). It was created in James City, Virginia—an interesting location, considering Virginia now has the highest concentration of independent cities. Why does Virginia have so many independent cities? The state’s separation of counties and cities dates back to the early 1700s. With a rural population and low productivity, it was difficult to establish town centers. After several attempts, the General Assembly gave up. Independent cities were established instead. Short-lived CountiesCounties as a political organization have been around for hundreds of years, but some individual counties haven’t lasted long. For instance, Bullfrog County in Nevada was established in 1987 and dissolved just two years later. During its brief existence, it had no population and no infrastructure—and its primary purpose was simply to prevent Yucca Mountain from becoming a nuclear waste dump. While Bullfrog County has since been dissolved, the controversy around the nuclear waste site is ongoing as of 2020. Continual ChangeThe latest official county, Broomfield Country, was established in Colorado in 2001. Although it’s been decades since the last county was created, there have been continual boundary changes and status updates—sometimes for political reasons. For instance, the Supreme Court recently ruled that half of Oklahoma is within a Native American reservation. While this doesn’t necessarily change ownership, it does affect jurisdiction and county authority. Though the lines on the map are more or less static now, the invisible lines of county jurisdiction will continue to change and evolve over time.
Population decline is a rising issue for many countries in Eastern Europe, as well as outliers like Japan and Cuba.
Since the mid-1900s, the global population has followed a steep upwards trajectory. While much of this growth has been concentrated in China and India, researchers expect the next wave of growth to occur in Africa. As of 2019, for example, the average woman in Niger is having over six children in her lifetime. At the opposite end of this spectrum are a number of countries that appear to be shrinking from a population perspective. To shed some light on this somewhat surprising trend, we’ve visualized the top 20 countries by population decline. The Top 20The following table ranks countries by their rate of population decline, based on projected rate of change between 2020 and 2050 and using data from the United Nations.
Many of these countries are located in or near Eastern Europe, for reasons we’ll discuss below. The first issue is birth rates, which according to the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), have fallen since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Across the region, the average number of children per woman fell from 2.1 in 1988 to 1.2 by 1998. Birth rates have recovered slightly since then, but are not enough to offset deaths and emigration, which refers to citizens leaving their country to live elsewhere. Eastern Europe saw several waves of emigration following the European Union’s (EU) border expansions in 2004 and 2007. The PIIE reports that by 2016, 6.3 million Eastern Europeans resided in other EU states. The OutliersThere are two geographical outliers in this dataset which sit on either side of Europe. JapanThe first is Japan, where birth rates have fallen continuously since 1970. It wasn’t until 2010, however, that the country’s overall population began to shrink. By the numbers, the situation appears dire. In 2021, 811,604 babies were born in Japan, while 1.44 million people died. As a result of its low birth rates, the island nation also has the world’s highest average age at 49 years old. The Japanese government has introduced various social programs to make having kids more appealing, but these don’t appear to be getting to the root of the problem. For deeper insight into Japan’s low birthrates, it’s worth reading this article by The Atlantic. CubaThe second country is Cuba, and it’s the only one not located within the Eastern Hemisphere. Cuba’s fertility rate of 1.7 children per woman is the lowest in the Latin American region. It can be compared to countries like Mexico (2.2), Paraguay (2.5), and Guatemala (3.0). Cuba’s immigration is also incredibly low compared to its neighboring countries. According to the International Organization for Migration, immigrants account for just 0.1% of its total population.
Wind is a great renewable energy source, but the spread of potential power is uneven. This graphic maps the average wind speed of the continental U.S.
Wind energy is a hot topic in North America and around the world as a decarbonization tool, but full utilization requires a lot of wind. This graphic from the team at the Woodwell Climate Research Center maps the average wind speed of the continental U.S. based on NOAA data from 2021. Zooming in, you can examine North America’s wind regions and patterns in great detail. Clearly visible is the concentration of high wind speeds in the Great Plains (known as the Prairies in Canada), which has the greatest potential for wind power. You can also follow westerly winds traveling through the North American Cordillera of mountains, including the Rocky Mountains and Cascades. Meanwhile, the Eastern U.S. and Canada have significantly lower average wind speeds, especially in the American South. That’s despite hurricanes with extremely high winds occasionally moving northward along the Eastern Seaboard towards the North Atlantic. |
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