Cara membuat sidebar responsive dengan bootstrap

Today I’d like to show you how to create a collapsible HTML sidebar navigation using Bootstrap 4 with some CSS and jQuery.

Since Bootstrap 4 nor Bootstrap 3 don't provide any sidebar menu, we will build 5 separate solutions. Each of them will have slightly different features and design, so you can choose one that serves your needs. 

In each part of the tutorial, I will guide you step by step through all the necessary steps in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

2 div that will take advantage of the CSS Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

3 property.

In this case, we'll give Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

2 the CSS property Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

5.

By doing this, the sidebar nav will take the height of the page content. As the content increases, sidebar height dynamically increases too.

...

Sidebar menu and its content

Now, let's fill our sidebar with some content.

I'll place there a sidebar navigation menu that will contain some demo navigation links and also Bootstrap 4 drop-down menus.

Note, that we also added an Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class to the first item to mark that it is the currently active menu item, i.e. the page on the website. 

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

Making dropdowns work

1. To make a drop-down menu collapsible, Pages
   • Page 1
   • Page 2
   • Page 3
   7 should be added to the link holding the dropdown.
2. Note that I also added Pages
   • Page 1
   • Page 2
   • Page 3
   8 - this class adds a little triangle on the side and helps the user understand its function.
3. The link's Pages
   • Page 1
   • Page 2
   • Page 3
   9 attribute must contain the 

   Toggle Sidebar

   0 of the dropdown menu preceded by a hash. In this case, I used

   Toggle Sidebar

   1.
4. The dropdown menu itself also should have 

   Toggle Sidebar

   2 class too.

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

Be sure to add

Toggle Sidebar

3 to the dropdown's control element

Toggle Sidebar

4.

This attribute explicitly defines the current state of the collapsible element to screen readers and similar assistive technologies.

If the collapsible element is closed by default, it should have a value of

Toggle Sidebar

5. If you've set the collapsible element to be open, by default using a

Toggle Sidebar

6 class, set

Toggle Sidebar

7 on the control instead.

By clicking the anchor, the dropdown will slide up or slide down according to the

Toggle Sidebar

8 value.

Sidebar toggle button

Now it's time to add the sidebar toggle button. This button will handle the opening and closing of the sidebar.

We will place it outside the sidebar. It doesn't matter where it is located in your content, as long as it's outside the sidebar, i.e. visible all the time.

Let's place it into the Bootstrap navbar in the content div.

Toggle Sidebar

CSS

Now it's time to finally apply some styling to our sidebar.

The most important thing for this approach is to use the flex property for the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

2 div. As I mentioned above, the .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }0 value will equalize both page content and sidebar height.

.wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }

After that, we'll give the sidebar a fixed width of 250px.  

As a result of using flexbox properties, page content .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }1 will take the remaining width of Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

2. (as long as we don't use a .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }3 property) 

Then, we'll use the sidebar's width to push the element out of the screen when we don't need it. This behavior will be applied when the sidebar has a Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class.

Sorry I did not come up with a better class name when I wrote this tutorial in 2017.

On the desktops, .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }5 will mean that the sidebar is hidden and .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }6 only that it's visible.

It will have an opposite behavior on mobiles where .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }5 is when the sidebar is visible and .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }6 is hidden.

The Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class has a negative .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }0 value that equals to the sidebar width.

We'll use this class later on in the JavaScript part, too.

.wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }

As we do not know if the content will vertically fill the entire screen, we will set the minimum height of the sidebar to .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }1. .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }2 is a CSS unit that refers to the viewport height. 

This means that the initial height of the sidebar will be at least equal to the screen height. Also, its height will increase when the page content would increase.

#sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; min-height: 100vh; }

Styling dropdowns

Just a little touch to the Bootstrap 4 drop-downs.

We are using standard Bootstrap 4 class .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }3.

This class adds a small triangle next to the drop-down links.

To unify the links' appearance, we will move the triangle, that usually sits next to the text, to the right part of the sidebar with the following CSS code.

a[data-toggle="collapse"] { position: relative; } .dropdown-toggle::after { display: block; position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 20px; transform: translateY(-50%); }

Media query

We will need slightly different behavior for the sidebar on the smaller screens. 

Instead of appearing by default, it'll be hidden and appear only after clicking the toggle button.

Like this, we will save valuable space for your content and show the navigation to the user only when needed.

Basically, what we need to do here is to reverse the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 style:

@media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }

Additional styling

This would be all regarding the necessary CSS styling that is needed to make your sidebar work. 

To give it a more fancy look, I have styled it a bit more.

It is all included in the download package, so I will just quickly mention it here without any further comments.

...

0

JavaScript

The idea here is to toggle the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class to the sidebar on clicking the toggle button.

By default, the sidebar will appear, i.e. it hasn't got Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class yet. 

After clicking the toggle button, the sidebar will be given a Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class, and pushed out from the screen. The page content will take the full-screen width too.

Re-clicking the toggle button will remove the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class and the sidebar reappears again. And so on.

Let's have a look at the code:

...

1

This completes our first example, let's have a look at what we've built.

View Demo

2. Fixed positioned scrollable sidebar

In this part, we'll make a similar sidebar but it will be fixed. This means that it won't scroll along with the page but it will stay fixed at the same place. This will apply only to larger devices with a viewport width of 768px+. The whole page will be responsive, too.

Home

• Home 1
• Home 2
• Home 3

About

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

Portfolio

Contact

0

This is it.

Time to check the demo.

View Demo

4. Partially collapsing static Bootstrap sidebar

In this example, we will, instead of building a sidebar that collapses entirely, build a Partially collapsing side navbar. The side menu will convert itself into a compressed version after the toggle button click.

Let's use the first examples's markup as a starting point.

Home

• Home 1
• Home 2
• Home 3

About

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

Portfolio

Contact

1

CSS

Instead of pushing the sidebar entirely out of the screen, we'll just shrink its width, and restyle its content to fit this new width.

The styles of the compressed version will be added to the class Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6. 

For example, we will downsize the font size of the anchors' text, align it to the center, and make it render below the icon.

Also, we will move the arrow to the very bottom of every anchor, or adjust the padding around the dropdown links.

The code will be as follows:

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

2

Media queries

On smaller screens, we'll keep the compressed version as a default active state of the sidebar. I.e., the uncompressed version will not be used on mobiles at all and the compressed version will become visible after clicking the toggle button.

To achieve this, we can only copy the styles from Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 to our  mobile media query a[data-toggle="collapse"] { position: relative; } .dropdown-toggle::after { display: block; position: absolute; top: 50%; right: 20px; transform: translateY(-50%); }4  and add a .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }0 functionality to it.

For mobiles, .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }5 sidebar will have a negative left margin (it will be off the canvas) and the .wrapper { display: flex; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }6 without the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class will have .wrapper { display: flex; align-items: stretch; } #sidebar { min-width: 250px; max-width: 250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: -250px; }0 set to 0.

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

3

JavaScript

We will not include any additional lines of JavaScript and we'll just use the same function did use in the first sidebar.

...

1

That will be all for now. We should have a nicely working partially collapsing sidebar.

Let's have a look at the results.

View Demo

Further Improvements

There is always room for further improvements and tweaks.

As a bonus, I would like to show you how to prepare an animated hamburger menu icon for the toggle button, and also how to add eye-catching animation for the opening and closing of the sidebar panel.

Home

• Home 1
• Home 2
• Home 3

About

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

Portfolio

Contact

5

CSS

Animating the toggle button

Let's add some styles to the button and its bars first.

There'll be three bars under each other and we'll give them a fancy transition with a @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }1 transition. I often use this CSS animation tool to produce cool transitions, you can choose from some pre-build transitions or make your custom one easily.

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

6

When the sidebar is open, the toggle button bars will be crossed. When it's off the canvas, the bars will be parallel to each other.

By default, the sidebar will be open, so the initial state of the bars should be crossed. We'll use a @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }2 property to achieve that.

The first bar will be rotated by 45 degrees, the last bar will be rotated by 45 degrees in the opposite direction. The second bar will be hidden at this moment.

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

7

By clicking the button, the bars should transform into a parallel state. To achieve that, we will use jQuery to toggle the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class on the button. This class resets the rotation of the bars and makes them all visible.

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

8

Animating the sidebar

Now, let's add a 3D CSS animation to the sidebar.

We'll make a door-opening animation when the user closes or opens the sidebar.

First of all, we should add @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }4 property to the container.

Our container, in this case, is Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

2. The @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }4 property defines how many pixels a 3D element is placed from the view,  and allows you to change the perspective on how 3D elements are viewed.

Then, we'll rotate the sidebar vertically by 100 degrees during collapsing out using @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }2 property.

The @media (max-width: 768px) { #sidebar { margin-left: -250px; } #sidebar.active { margin-left: 0; } }8 property allows you to change the position of transformed elements. Here, we'll rotate the sidebar from the center-left side.

Bootstrap Sidebar

Dummy Heading

• Home
  • Home 1
  • Home 2
  • Home 3
• About
• Pages
  • Page 1
  • Page 2
  • Page 3
• Portfolio
• Contact

9

Media Queries

On smaller screens, the sidebar will be collapsed out by default.

The default state of the hamburger menu should be returned to the parallel state. To achieve this, we should switch the CSS rules from the standard view.

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

0

JavaScript

We'll use jQuery to toggle the Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

6 class to switch between the crossed and parallel states.

Pages

• Page 1
• Page 2
• Page 3

1

Let's have a look at the result.

View Demo

Conclusion

I hope this tutorial has helped you to understand how to add a Bootstrap sidebar to your project. If you liked the article - let your friends know about it.

If you have enjoyed this Bootstrapious tutorial, have a look at my tutorials on How to build a contact form or Bootstrap navbar.