In order to continue enjoying our site, we ask that you confirm your identity as a human. Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Click the "References" link above to hide these references.
Berko Gleason, J. (1993). The development of language (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Bialystok, E. (Ed.). (1991). Language processing in bilingual children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Caplan, N., Choy, M.H., & Whitmore, J.K. (1992). Indochinese refugee families and academic achievement. Scientific American, 266 (2), 36-42.
Coelho, E. (1994). Social integration of immigrant and refugee children. In F. Genesee (Ed.), Educating second language children (pp. 301-327). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Collier, V.P. (1987). "Age and rate of acquisition of second language for academic purposes." TESOL Quarterly, 21, 617-641.
Collier, V.P. (1989). "How long? A synthesis of research on academic achievement in second language." TESOL Quarterly, 23, 509-531.
Collier, V.P. (1992a). "The Canadian bilingual immersion debate: A synthesis of research findings." Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 87-97.
Collier, V.P. (1992b). A synthesis of studies examining long-term language minority student data on academic achievement. Bilingual Research Journal, 16 (1-2), 187-212.
Collier, V.P., & Thomas, W.P. (1989). How quickly can immigrants become proficient in school English? Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 5, 26-38.
Cummins, J. (1981). The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students. In Schooling and language minority students (pp. 3-49). Sacramento, CA: California Department of Education.
Cummins, J. (1989). Empowering minority students. Sacramento, CA: California Association for Bilingual Education.
Cummins, J. (1991). Interdependence of first- and second-language proficiency in bilingual children. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 70-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Enright, D.S., & McCloskey, M.L. (1988). Integrating English: Developing English language and literacy in the multilingual classroom. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Frederickson, J. (Ed.) (1995). Reclaiming our voices: Bilingual education critical pedagogy and praxis. Ontario, CA: California Association for Bilingual Education.
Freeman, Y.S., & Freeman, D.E. (1992). Whole language for second language learners. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Garcia, E. (1994). Understanding and meeting the challenge of student cultural diversity. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Genesee, F. (1987). Learning through two languages: Studies of immersion and bilingual education. Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Genesee, F. (Ed.). (1994). Educating second language children: The whole child, the whole curriculum, the whole community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goodman, Y.M., & Wilde, S. (Eds.) (1992). Literacy events in a community of young writers. New York: Teachers College Press. Hakuta, K. (1986). Mirror of language: The debate on bilingualism. New York: Basic Books.
Hernandez-Chavez, E. (1984). The inadequacy of English immersion education as an educational approach for language minority students in the United States. In Studies on immersion education: A collection for United States educators (pp. 144-183). Sacramento, CA: California Department of Education.
Minicucci, C., & Olsen, L. (1992). Programs for secondary limited English proficient students: A California study. Washington, DC: NCBE.
Oakes, J. (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Ogbu, J. (1993). Variability in minority school performance: A problem in search of an explanation. In E. Jacob & C. Jordan (Eds.), Minority education: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 83-111). Norwood,NJ: Ablex.
Spencer, D. (1988). "Transitional bilingual education and the socialization of immigrants." Harvard Educational Review, 58, 133-153.
Swain, M. (1985). Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development. In S. Gass & C. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 235-253). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Tharp, R.G., & Gallimore, R. (1988). Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and schooling in social context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thomas, W.P. (1992). "An analysis of the research methodology of the Ramirez study." Bilingual Research Journal, 16 (1-2), 213-245.
Thomas, W.P., & Collier, V.P. (1995). Language minority student achievement and program effectiveness. Manuscript in preparation.
Trueba, H.T., Jacobs, L., & Kirton, E. (1990). Cultural conflict and adaptation: The case of Hmong children in American society. New York: Falmer Press.
Wong Fillmore, L. (1991). Second language learning in children: A model of language learning in social context. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 49-69). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.