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Learn about the nursing care management of patients with hypertension. What is Hypertension?Hypertension is one of the most common lifestyle diseases to date. It affects people from all walks of life. Let us get to know hypertension more by its definitions.
ClassificationIn 2017, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association revised their hypertension guidelines. The previous guidelines set the threshold at 140/90 mm Hg for younger people and 150/80 mm Hg for those ages 65 and older.
PathophysiologyIn a normal circulation, pressure is transferred from the heart muscle to the blood each time the heart contracts and then pressure is exerted by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels. The pathophysiology of hypertension follows.
EpidemiologyHypertension is slowly rising to the top as one of the primary causes of morbidity in the world. Here are the current statistics of the status of hypertension in some of the leading countries.
CausesHypertension has a lot of causes just like how fever has many causes. The factors that are implicated as causes of hypertension are:
Clinical ManifestationsMany people who have hypertension are asymptomatic at first. Physical examination may reveal no abnormalities except for an elevated blood pressure, so one must be prepared to recognize hypertension at its earliest.
PreventionPrevention of hypertension mainly relies on a healthy lifestyle and self-discipline.
ComplicationsIf hypertension is left untreated, it could progress to complications of the different body organs.
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsAssessment of the patient with hypertension must be detailed and thorough. There are also diagnostic tests that can be performed to establish the diagnosis of hypertension. Assessment
Diagnostic Tests
Medical ManagementMain Topic: Antihypertensive Drugs The goal of hypertensive treatment I to prevent complications and death by achieving and maintaining the arterial blood pressure at 40/90 mmHg or lower. Pharmacologic Therapy
Stage 1 Hypertension
Stage 2 Hypertension
Nursing ManagementThe goal of nursing management is to help achieve a normal blood pressure through independent and dependent interventions. Nursing AssessmentNursing assessment must involve careful monitoring of the blood pressure at frequent and routinely scheduled intervals.
DiagnosisBased on the assessment data, nursing diagnoses may include the following:
Nursing Care Plan and GoalsMain article: 6 Hypertension Nursing Care Plans The major goals for a patient with hypertension are as follows:
Nursing Priorities
Nursing InterventionsThe objective of nursing care focuses on lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without undue cost.
EvaluationAt the end of the treatment regimen, the following are expected to be achieved:
Discharge and Home Care GuidelinesFollowing discharge, the nurse should promote self-care and independence of the patient.
Documentation GuidelinesThese are the following data that should be documented for the patient’s record:
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