According to political theorists, public administrators attempt to solve the problems of government through the use of the bureaucracy. Which of the following is best suited to accomplish this task?
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Complete the following sentence. Public administration is the most significant component of the government machinery of the state and can be defined as:
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Complete the following sentence. The scope of public administration has changed over the years to take into account:
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How might an organization interpret a narrow view of public administration?
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Max Weber’s legal-rational model of bureaucracy has which of the following elements?
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Phase II in the evolution of public administration, from 1927–1937, established the discipline of public administration as an independent science. The succeeding Phase III, from 1939–1947, brought changes in the nature of the discipline. Which of the following should be included in Phase III?
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Phase IV in the evolution of public administration, from 1938–1937, is known as the “behavioral challenge” period. Which of the following best describes the dynamics of public administration during that period?
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The five E’s of public administration affect elements like the need for good governance, transparency, and accountability in public administration in the US. Which of these E’s is compatible with managing public resources to provide the most products at the lowest cost?
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The history of public administration has been divided into five phases. The fifth phase, from 1971 onwards, is viewed as a period of great progress and an enriched vision. Which of the following is compatible with this phase?
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The prevailing view of public administration divides its scope into two parts, administrative theory and applied administration. Which of the following is a part of the administrative theory point of view?
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The prevailing view of public administration divides the subject into two parts, administrative theory and applied administration. Which of the following is included in applied administration?
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Which of the following is a unique characteristic of public-sector organizations?
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Which of the following statements about the nature of public administration is true?
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Which of the following statements best describes the differences between public, nonprofit, and private sector organizations?
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Which of the following statements would be consistent with the views of Douglas McGregor (1906–1964)?
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A state university suspended its chief diversity officer after it was discovered that he had signed a petition to put same-sex marriage on the state ballot for a referendum vote. The university is home to a large contingent of gay and lesbian students, and the university’s position is that the diversity officer is a public employee, and by signing the petition, the diversity officer may have alienated a large portion of the student body and may not be as effective in carrying out the university’s mission. Which of the following statements best justifies whether or not the university was correct or incorrect in making this decision?
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Article II of the US Constitution outlines presidential powers, and over time, the executive branch has assumed additional powers. The term “imperial presidency,” meaning a US presidency that is characterized by greater power than the Constitution allows, has been used to characterize the Nixon and Reagan presidencies. Which of the following arguments supports the premise of the imperial nature of the US presidency?
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Complete the following sentence with a logical clause. In the American political system, the advantages of federalism include:
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Complete the following sentence. Beginning with the Nixon administration, the primary focus of new federalism was on:
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Complete the following sentence. Federalism in the US has taken on many forms throughout the nation’s history. Under the Johnson, Nixon, and Bush administrations, federalism trended toward centralized relations among federal, state, and local governments. Under the Obama administration, federalism has advanced primarily in the form of:
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Complete the following sentence. Government in the US is divided into three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The judicial branch, including the Supreme Court and various federal courts, interprets the law and applies it in individual cases. While not directly subject to popular control, courts may be influenced by popular opinion. An example of public opinion shaping the direction of court decisions includes:
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Complete the following sentence. Prior to the Civil War, the Constitution focused primarily on establishing the limitations of the federal government. Passage of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments immediately after the Civil War shifted the focus in the balance of power to:
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Complete the following sentence. The biggest criticism of unfunded mandates by state and local government officials is that:
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Complete the following sentence. To date, 18 states and the District of Columbia have passed laws that exempt qualified users of medicinal marijuana from state legal penalties. The Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution elevates federal statutes and regulations above the laws of the states, and as a result, where federal and state laws are in conflict, the state law is generally preempted. Also under the supremacy clause, Congress may require the enforcement of federal laws in both state and federal court. State legalized medical marijuana use means that:
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Issues associated with bureaucratic behavior and competence came to the forefront at the start of the dual federalism phase of intergovernmental relations. Important policy shifts happened that underscored the level of competition present in the system. Which of the following exemplified the competitive nature of this phase? I. The need for program accomplishments, effective service delivery systems and citizen access. II. Elimination/reduction in state program funding in favor of expanded federal funding for local programs. III. Tension between policy generalists and the program-professional-specialists. IV. Expanded regulatory restrictions governing federally assisted state and local programs
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Most policies affecting k-12 education traditionally fall under state authority. However, President Bush’s signature domestic policy initiative, “No Child Left Behind,” mandated certain local procedures, including student testing, curriculum and teacher standards, and the imposition of penalties on nonperforming schools. Implementation of this law is an example of which of the following?
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Refer to the following text, and then answer the question. “Federalism is simply the best political system ever conceived of for maximizing human happiness. A one-size-fits-all policy imposed at the national level has the potential to make very large numbers of citizens unhappy, even if it was arrived at democratically. Pushing political questions and government decisions down to the lowest democratic level possible – to states, counties, cities, school boards – while protecting basic civil rights, guarantees that more people will have a say in how they live their lives. More people will be happy, and the moral legitimacy of political decisions will be greater.” What is the best title for this text?
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Refer to the following text, and then answer the question. “Federalism is simply the best political system ever conceived of for maximizing human happiness. A one-size-fits-all policy imposed at the national level has the potential to make very large numbers of citizens unhappy, even if it was arrived at democratically. Pushing political questions and government decisions down to the lowest democratic level possible – to states, counties, cities, school boards – while protecting basic civil rights, guarantees that more people will have a say in how they live their lives. More people will be happy, and the moral legitimacy of political decisions will be greater.” Which of the following may be inferred from the text?
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Refer to the following text, and then answer the question. “Federalism is simply the best political system ever conceived of for maximizing human happiness. A one-size-fits-all policy imposed at the national level has the potential to make very large numbers of citizens unhappy, even if it was arrived at democratically. Pushing political questions and government decisions down to the lowest democratic level possible – to states, counties, cities, school boards – while protecting basic civil rights, guarantees that more people will have a say in how they live their lives. More people will be happy, and the moral legitimacy of political decisions will be greater.” What does the author seem to believe about US federalism?
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The 15th Amendment of the Constitution provides that, “The right of US citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” The Amendment gives Congress the authority to enforce those rights and regulate the voting process. With the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the federal government established extensive federal oversight of elections administration in covered state and local jurisdictions with long histories of voting discrimination. Through judicial interpretation, the Supreme Court has historically forced state and local governments to meet certain demands that they were otherwise unwilling or unable to meet. Which of the following is the most accurate statement with regard to the 2013 Supreme Court decision on voting rights?
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The phases in the evolution of intergovernmental relations have overlapping dates and carryover effects, but specific elements highlight each phase. The descriptor used for which phase stands for “the specific, functional, and highly focused nature of intergovernmental interaction”?
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The term bureaucracy could be used to describe which of the following?
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What rights does the Constitution reserve for the American people?
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Which of the following best describes government money used for a specific purpose of project?
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Which of the following best describes government money used for general purposes?
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Which of the following statements on Federal spending authority is false?
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A written discipline and grievance procedure policy for civil service employees would cover which of the following issues?
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According to various laws regarding workplace diversity, which of the following is prohibited in the workplace?
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Complete the following sentence. Based on differences in the levels of public and private sector pay and benefits, the general public might assume that workers in the private sector:
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Complete the following sentence. The passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act led to:
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Congress passed legislation in 1993 amending the Hatch Act of 1939 to permit federal employees to take part in partisan political campaigns. As a result, public employees may participate in which of the following partisan activities?
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Discrimination in the workplace has led to many legal challenges. The US Supreme Court decision in the 1971 Griggs et al. v. Duke Power Company case led to which major finding?
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Even though there are differences between collective bargaining in the public and private sectors, there are certain concepts and legal factors that should be present in both arenas. Which of the following is NOT a bargaining issue within either sphere?
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Presidential Executive Order 13583 calls for a workforce that reflects the country’s diverse population and draws upon the talents of all of our society. Which of the following is NOT consistent with this vision?
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The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces laws that prohibit employment policies and practices that discriminate against different classes of individuals. The EEOC would consider all of the following scenarios to be discriminatory, EXCEPT:
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The merit system is different from the patronage system in terms of their emphases. Which of the following can be viewed as a prominent characteristic of the merit system?
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The presence of unions and collective bargaining units has receded in many sectors over the past decade but are pretty prominent for public employees. Which of the following statements regarding collective bargaining between management and labor in a bilateral decision-making process is false?
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The US Department of Labor has documented examples of how people have benefited from federal contract compliance programs. Which of the following would be excluded as an example of contract compliance success?
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Which of the following best describes an advantage of hiring individuals based on the patronage system?
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Which of the following best describes the difference between the traditional pay system and the pay-for-performance system?
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Which of the following focuses on issues in the workplace related to discrimination based on gender?
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Complete the following sentence. Experts define the expectancy theory of motivation in terms of:
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Complete the following sentence. Research shows that public and private managers have very few differences in overall measures of motivation. However, for some people, government employment appeals to their desire to:
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Complete the following sentence. The theory of inequity is defined as a situation in which a person thinks that he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or vice versa. According to the theory, there are several ways to restore equity, including:
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Humans are driven to achieve their maximum potential and will always do so unless obstacles are placed in their way, according to which theory?
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New public management claims to address such issues as low public confidence in bureaucracy, waste, poor program design, and performance deficit. Which of the following would be an example of new public management reforms in action?
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The characteristics of the traditional model of public administration include which of the following?
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Theorists argue that our behavior is a product of capability, opportunity, and motivation. In this equation, what role does motivation play?
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Theory Y asserts that people have a natural desire to learn and working allows people to challenge themselves and further develop as human beings. According to this theory, managers should do which of the following?
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Which of the following is a main concern regarding the traditional model of public administration?
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Which of the following is the most salient feature of new public management?
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Which of the following public administration theories is most frequently associated with the work of Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics?
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You are a unit manager with 10 direct-report subordinates. Your experience with one particular employee has served to strengthen your belief in theory X. Which of the following best describes this employee?
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You are part of a team interviewing a prospective new employee for a position in your unit. In response to a question, the interviewee shares that he “really enjoys meeting new people and wants to make a difference in peoples’ lives.” You believe his greatest motivation will be which of the following?
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Complete the following sentence. The Programming, Planning, and Budgeting System (PPBS) is a stronger model than performance-based budgeting if you are seeking:
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Federal tax revenue is derived from a variety of sources. Which of the following is NOT taxable by the federal government?
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Fill in the blank. Several arbitrators influence how public finances are ultimately dispersed. The public has designated _______ to determine how public money should be spent.
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Over the years, there have been many attempts to reform the federal budget. Which of the following reflects the most recent effort in this regard?
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State governments traditionally raise funds from many sources. Which of the following revenue sources is outside the scope of the state government’s operations?
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The core mission of the Office of Management and Budget is to serve the President of the United States in implementing his vision across the executive branch. Which of the following is incompatible with the Office of Management and Budget’s implementation and enforcement of presidential policy government wide?
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The national performance review conducted during the Clinton administration resulted in which of the following changes to the budget development process?
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The timeline for a typical state budget includes at least seven stages, from an agency’s budget request to the day the budget year begins. Which of the following would be the most important step in this process?
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There are at least four major classes of public expenditures included in the budget. Which of the following tends to be the largest class of public expenditures?
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There are two general categories of spending in the US federal budget: discretionary and mandatory. Which of the following line items falls into the category of discretionary?
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Which of the following premises does not support the argument that the federal budget is a political instrument?
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Which of the following revenue sources accounts for the smallest contribution to local government coffers?
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Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of a budget in public agencies?
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Which of the following statements is the most relevant criticism of the zero-based budgeting approach?
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Agencies take different approaches to strategic planning, but some of the most universal features of the planning process include which of the following?
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Based on observations and first-hand experiences, author George F. Grob outlined some practical elements of conducting successful government program evaluations in “The Pillars of Public Program Evaluation.” The third pillar is to establish government agencies that evaluate public programs. Which of the following government offices performs evaluations for policymakers?
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Complete the following sentence. The Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS) is a methodical approach to:
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Extensive program planning systems gained popularity in the 1960s during the great society social programs associated with the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Which of the following best describes an important lesson for each succeeding administration?
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Fill in the blanks. According to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), a typical federal agency strategic plan should span a minimum ______________ but is considered current for only ______________.
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In his article, “The Pillars of Public Program Evaluation,” author George F. Grob offered professional insight and advice for administrators and decision makers seeking to make evaluation a standard part of program management. His recommendations included which of the following?
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Performance measures – inputs, outputs, outcomes, and other key issues needed to measure progress – are an important part of any effective strategic plan. Which of the following would be an input measure?
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Review the chart below, and answer the question that follows. The SWOT analysis process enables proactive thinking, rather than relying on habitual or instinctive reactions. The SWOT analysis below was completed as part of the strategic planning process for a nonprofit organization. Your objective is to build strategies for the future by considering how to turn weaknesses into strengths and how to turn threats into opportunities. Based on the information below, what is the likely next step in this process? 
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Review the chart below, and answer the question that follows. Based on the SWOT analysis below, as a manager, how might you capitalize on the opportunity to “identify/tap into staff hidden strengths”?
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The Bush Administration developed and used the Program Assessment and Rating Tool (PART) as its principal means of tracking performance and assessing federal program effectiveness. Which of the following statements about PART’s pragmatism is true?
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The strategic plan and all the steps associated with creating and implementing it boils down to results. Read the statements below. Which of the following factors are the most important in assessing the strength of your strategic plan? I. Your plan goals are directly related to measurable outcomes. II. Performance measurements for employees define accountabilities that tie back to the measurement of plan goals. III. You begin by conducting both an internal assessment of the organization’s resources, people, and culture as well as an external assessment of the marketplace, technology, and economic cycles. IV. You have communicated with key partners or suppliers about the plan goals that might affect them.
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What does the acronym SWOT stand for?
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What makes a plan “strategic”?
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Which form of evaluation assesses the extent to which a program is operating as intended and typically assesses program activities’ conformance to statutory and regulatory requirements, program design, and customer expectations?
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Which of the following defines a strategic plan?
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Which of the following statements about shaping your strategic plan is effectively instructive?
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Based on surveys taken by executive branch federal employees in 1992 and 2010, the most frequently cited wrongdoing that survey respondents reported having observed in the previous 12 months was “waste caused by a badly managed program.” Employees were reluctant to report this wasteful activity because of:
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Complete the following sentence. The Cooper model of ethical decision-making provides specific steps to follow in reaching a decision. In this model, “defining the issue” is described as being the most misinterpreted step. This step is about:
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Complete the following sentence. Whistleblowing is a matter of ethics, because:
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Employees are the most valuable asset that agencies have in their efforts to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse. Ultimately, the best way to ensure that employees will report wrongdoing is to do which of the following?
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Ethics and accountability in government operations are essential in preventing a corrupt system. To ensure an unbiased system, which of the following bridges the gap between public perception and the performance of public service?
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Ethics are principles that guide decision-making, and there are a variety of ethical theories to help shape that decision-making process. Read the statement below, and then indicate which ethical theory was violated. “A governor borrowed a car from his local dealership to take it for a test drive. He kept the car for four years, during which the dealership won millions in state contracts.”
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Public officials are constantly in search of additional revenue sources. Ethical questions have been posed by a small but vocal group of constituents who oppose several proposals included in the projected annual local budget. Proposals regarding which of the following might present an ethical dilemma for public officials?
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The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA), an organization that advances the practice of public administration, and the US Office of Government Ethics each have drafted a Code of Ethics. Which of the following practices do the two codes share?
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The Cooper model of ethical decision-making includes which of the following steps?
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Which of the following is an example of whistleblowing?
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Which of the following represents a moral dilemma that a person working in public service faces?
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Which of the following statements best describes one obstacle The president faces when trying to manage the bureaucracy?
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