Which of the following should be taken into consideration when designing a health record form?

1. Andalo Debbie. NHS drug spending rises by 8% to £15.5bn in England. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;295(7881) doi: 10.1211/PJ.2015.20200096. http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/nhs-drug-spending-rises-by-8-to-155bn-in-england/20200096.article. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

2. Gibbs Jenny. NHS Bristol Clinical Commissioning Group. 2016. Medicines Waste: A report on the root causes of medicines waste and recommendations for addressing the problem https://www.bristolccg.nhs.uk/media/medialibrary/2016/02/Report_Medicines_Waste_in_Bristol.pdf webcite.

3. Smith J. Department of Health, The National Archives. 2004. [2018-03-29]. Building a safer NHS for patients: improving medication safety http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4071443 webcite.

4. World Health Organization. 2003. Defining adherence http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_full_report.pdf?ua=1 webcite.

5. Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2017. [2018-03-29]. Medicines adherence https://www.rpharms.com/resources/quick-reference-guides/medicines-adherence webcite.

6. Nachega JB, Morroni C, Zuniga JM, Schechter M, Rockstroh J, Solomon S, Sherer R. HIV treatment adherence, patient health literacy, and health care provider-patient communication: results from the 2010 AIDS Treatment for Life International Survey. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) 2012 Feb;11(2):128–33. doi: 10.1177/1545109712437244. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

7. Wanless D. Published Online First. [2018-03-29]. Securing our future health: taking a long-term view- final report http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/consult_wanless_final.htm webcite.

8. Department of Health. 2000. [2018-03-29]. The NHS Plan: a plan for investment, a plan for reform http://navigator.health.org.uk/content/nhs-plan-plan-investment-plan-reform-2000 webcite.

9. Cruickshank J, Packman C, Paxman J. 2020 Health. 2012. Personal Health Records Putting patients in control? http://www.2020health.org/dms/2020health/downloads/reports/2020PHRreport_ONLINE.pdf webcite.

10. Mclean K, Nightingale P, Chapman H. NHS Future Forum. 2012. NHS Future Forum Summary report - second phase NHS https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216422/dh_132085.pdf webcite.

11. Vickers AJ, Elkin EB. Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Making. 2006 Sep;26(6):565–74. doi: 10.1177/0272989X06295361. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/17099194. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

12. Public Health England - Trust Development Authority. NHS England Care Quality Commission Health Education England Monitor NHS England Care Quality Commission Health Education England Monitor. [2018-03-29]. Five Year Forward View https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/5yfv-web.pdf webcite.

13. Scott PJ, Curley PJ, Williams PB, Linehan IP, Shaha SH. Measuring the operational impact of digitized hospital records: a mixed methods study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2016 Dec 10;16(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12911-016-0380-6. https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12911-016-0380-6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

14. Burns Frank. 14 Burns F. 1998. [2018-03-29]. Executive summary: Information for Health http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120503231618/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4014469.pdf webcite.

15. Ishigure Yasuo. NTT Tech Rev. 2011. [2018-03-29]. Trends, standardization, and interoperability of healthcare information https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr201104gls.html webcite.

16. Veronin M. Enhancing Personal Health Record Adoption Through the Community Pharmacy Network: A Service Project. iip. 2015 Jan 01;6(4):403. doi: 10.24926/iip.v6i4.403. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

17. International Organization For Standardization Health informatics - Electronic health record - Definition, scope and context. Definition of Electronic Health Record (ISO/TR 20514:2005(E)) 2005:27. [Google Scholar]

18. Roehrs A, da Costa CA, da Rosa Righi R, de Oliveira KSF. Personal Health Records: A Systematic Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Jan 06;19(1) doi: 10.2196/jmir.5876. http://www.jmir.org/2017/1/e13/ [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

19. Paton C, Hansen M, Fernandez-Luque L. Contribution of the IMIA Social Media Working Group. 2012. Self-Tracking, Social Media and Personal Health Records for Patient Empowered Self-Care https://imia.schattauer.de/en/contents/archive/issue/2350/manuscript/17937/download.html webcite. [PubMed]

20. Archer N, Fevrier-Thomas U, Lokker C, McKibbon KA, Straus SE. Personal health records: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011 Jul;18(4):515–522. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000105. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21672914. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

21. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. What Is a Personal Health Record? https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/about-phrs-for-providers-011311.pdf webcite.

22. The Health Information Technology Resource Center. 2012. The Value of Personal Health Records and Web Portals to Engage Consumers and Improve Quality http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2012/07/the-value-of-personal-health-records-and-web-portals-to-engage-c.html webcite.

23. Davis GT, Menon S, Parrish DE, Sittig DF, Singh H. Patient access to medical records and healthcare outcomes: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014 Jul;21(4):737–41. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002239. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

24. Heart T, Ben-Assuli O, Shabtai I. A review of PHR, EMR and EHR integration: A more personalized healthcare and public health policy. Health Policy and Technology. 2017 Mar;6(1):20–25. doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2016.08.002. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

25. Price M, Bellwood P, Kitson N, Davies I, Weber J, Lau F. Conditions potentially sensitive to a personal health record (PHR) intervention, a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:32. doi: 10.1186/s12911-015-0159-1. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/15/32. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

26. Chrischilles EA, Hourcade JP, Doucette W, Eichmann D, Gryzlak B, Lorentzen R, Wright K, Letuchy E, Mueller M, Farris K, Levy B. Personal health records: a randomized trial of effects on elder medication safety. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014 Jul;21(4):679–86. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-002284. http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=24326536. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

27. Ford EW, Hesse BW, Huerta TR. Personal Health Record Use in the United States: Forecasting Future Adoption Levels. J Med Internet Res. 2016 Mar;18(3):e73. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4973. http://www.jmir.org/2016/3/e73/ [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

28. Queensland Health Queensland Government. 2017. [2018-03-26]. My Health record (national electronic health record) https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/records-privacy/my-health-record webcite.

29. National Information Board. 2015. Personalised Health and Care 2020: Using Data and Technology to Transform Outcomes for Patients and Citizens https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/384650/NIB_Report.pdf webcite.

30. Rajan JV, Moura J, Gourley G, Kiso K, Sizilio A, Cortez AM, Riley LW, Veras MA, Sarkar U. Understanding the barriers to successful adoption and use of a mobile health information system in a community health center in São Paulo, Brazil: a cohort study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2016 Dec 17;16(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12911-016-0385-1. https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12911-016-0385-1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

31. Tian M, Ajay VS, Dunzhu D, Hameed SS, Li X, Liu Z, Li C, Chen H, Cho K, Li R, Zhao X, Jindal D, Rawal I, Ali MK, Peterson ED, Ji J, Amarchand R, Krishnan A, Tandon N, Xu L, Wu Y, Prabhakaran D, Yan LL. A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Simplified Multifaceted Management Program for Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk (SimCard Trial) in Rural Tibet, China, and Haryana, India. Circulation. 2015 Sep 01;132(9):815–24. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015373. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=26187183. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

32. Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Araya R, Marsch LA, Unützer J, Patel V, Bartels SJ. Digital technology for treating and preventing mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: a narrative review of the literature. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;4(6):486–500. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30096-2. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/28433615. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

33. Morrison D, Wyke S, Agur K, Cameron EJ, Docking RI, Mackenzie AM, McConnachie A, Raghuvir V, Thomson NC, Mair FS. Digital asthma self-management interventions: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2014 Feb;16(2):e51. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2814. http://www.jmir.org/2014/2/e51/ [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

34. Determann D, Lambooij MS, Gyrd-Hansen D, de Bekker-Grob EW, Steyerberg EW, Heldoorn M, Pedersen LB, de Wit GA. Personal health records in the Netherlands: potential user preferences quantified by a discrete choice experiment. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017 May 01;24(3):529–536. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocw158. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

35. Assadi V, Hassanein K. Consumer Adoption of Personal Health Record Systems: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Jul 27;19(7):e270. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7721. http://www.jmir.org/2017/7/e270/ [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

36. Sathanandam Shiva, Rastall Paul, Hoogewerf Jan. Personal health record (PHR) landscape review Final report. 2016. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/file/3738/download?token=wWwUKyWw webcite.

37. Bhavnani V, Fisher B, Winfield M, Seed P. How patients use access to their electronic GP record--a quantitative study. Fam Pract. 2011 Apr;28(2):188–94. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmq092. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

38. Dolan B. MobiHealthNews. [2018-03-29]. 10 Reasons why Google Health failed http://www.mobihealthnews.com/11480/10-reasons-why-google-health-failed webcite.

39. Meek T. Digital Health. [2018-03-29]. NHS developing PHR adoption strategy https://www.digitalhealth.net/2015/07/nhs-developing-phr-adoption-strategy/ webcite.

40. Patient Information Forum. 2012. Guide to Health Records Access http://www.pifonline.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/pif-phr-guide-web_final_Oct12.pdf webcite.

41. 3 Million Lives. [2017-06-12]. About 3 Million Lives http://3millionlives.co.uk/About-3-Million-Lives.html webcite.

42. Committee on Patient Safety and Health Information Technology; Institute of Medicine. Health IT and Patient Safety. Building Safer Systems for Better Care. 2011 Nov; doi: 10.17226/13269. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

43. Small N, Blickem C, Blakeman T, Panagioti M, Chew-Graham CA, Bower P. Telephone based self-management support by 'lay health workers' and 'peer support workers' to prevent and manage vascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec 27;13:533. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-533. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-13-533. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

44. De Geest S, Sabaté E. Adherence to Long-Term Therapies: Evidence for Action. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2016 Jun 22;2(4):323–323. doi: 10.1016/S1474-5151(03)00091-4. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

45. Segal JZ. Compliance to concordance: A critical view. J Med Humanit. 2007 Jun;28(2):81–96. doi: 10.1007/s10912-007-9030-4. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

46. Vrijens B, De Geest GS, Hughes DA, Przemyslaw K, Demonceau J, Ruppar T, Dobbels F, Fargher E, Morrison V, Lewek P, Matyjaszczyk M, Mshelia C, Clyne W, Aronson JK, Urquhart J. A new taxonomy for describing and defining adherence to medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 May;73(5):691–705. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04167.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04167.x. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

47. Jackson C, Eliasson L, Barber N. Applying COM-B to medication adherence. the European Health Psychology Society. 2014;16(1):7–17. https://www.ehps.net/ehp/index.php/contents/article/download/ehp.v16.i1.p7/1072. [Google Scholar]

48. Zeković M, Krajnović D, Marinković V, Tasić L. The Complexity Of Adherence Issue: A Review of its Scope and Determinants. Acta Medica Median. 2016 Jan 15;55(1):51–58. doi: 10.5633/amm.2016.0109. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

49. Ahmed R, Aslani P. What is patient adherence? A terminology overview. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014 Feb;36(1):4–7. doi: 10.1007/s11096-013-9856-y. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

50. Coleman CI, Roberts MS, Sobieraj DM, Lee S, Alam T, Kaur R. Effect of dosing frequency on chronic cardiovascular disease medication adherence. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012 May;28(5):669–80. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2012.677419. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

51. Clyne B, Bradley MC, Hughes C, Fahey T, Lapane KL. Electronic prescribing and other forms of technology to reduce inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy in older people: a review of current evidence. Clin Geriatr Med. 2012 May;28(2):301–22. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2012.01.009. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

52. Kuijpers M, Van Marum RJ, Egberts ACG. Relationship between polypharmacy and underprescribing. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2008;65(1):130–133. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02961.x. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

53. Duerden M, Avery T, Payne R. The King’s Fund. 2013. Polypharmacy and medicines optimisation Making it safe and sound http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.734.5288&rep=rep1&type=pdf webcite.

54. Payne RA, Abel GA, Avery AJ, Mercer SW, Roland MO. Is polypharmacy always hazardous? A retrospective cohort analysis using linked electronic health records from primary and secondary care. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;77(6):1073–82. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12292. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12292. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

55. Aronson JK. In defence of polypharmacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;57(2):119–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02067.x. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

56. Kardas P, Lewek P, Matyjaszczyk M. Determinants of patient adherence: a review of systematic reviews. Front Pharmacol. 2013;4:91. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00091. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00091. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

57. Moorhead P, Zavala A, Kim Y, Virdi NS. Efficacy and safety of a medication dose reminder feature in a digital health offering with the use of sensor-enabled medicines. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2017 Mar;57(2):155–161.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.12.067. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

58. Chisholm MA. Enhancing transplant patients' adherence to medication therapy. Clin Transplant. 2002 Feb;16(1):30–38. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2002.00104.x. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

59. Rapoff M. Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens. US: Springer Science & Business Media; 2010. Consequences of Nonadherence and Correlates of Adherence; pp. 33–46. [Google Scholar]

60. McDonald HP, Garg AX, Haynes RB. Interventions to Enhance Patient Adherence to Medication Prescriptions. JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2868. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.22.2868. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

61. Nunes V. Natl Collab Cent Prim Care. 2009. [2018-03-29]. Medicines Adherence? Involving patients in decisions about prescribed medicines and supporting adherence Full Guideline https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg76 webcite.

62. Scott P. Exploiting the information revolution: call for independent evaluation of the latest English national experiment. jhi. 2015 Feb 19;22(1):244–249. doi: 10.14236/jhi.v22i1.139. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

63. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA, PRISMA- P. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 01;4:1. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

64. Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Rodgers M, Britten N, Roen K, Duffy S. Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews. A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme. 2006:211–219. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.178.3100&rep=rep1&type=pdf. [Google Scholar]

65. MeSH Browser. [2017-06-14]. MeSH Browser https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search webcite.

66. Vrijens B, Dima AL, Van Ganse E, van Boven JFM, Eakin MN, Foster JM, de Bruin M, Chisholm A, Price D. What We Mean When We Talk About Adherence in Respiratory Medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Sep;4(5):802–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.05.019. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213-2198(16)30158-1. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

67. Nice, Social Care Institute for Excellence A NICE-SCIE Guideline on Supporting People With Dementia and Their Carers in Health and Social Care. The British Psychological Society and Gaskell 2006. 66? 2006. [2018-06-04]. Data extraction forms for qualitative studies https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg42/evidence/guidance-appendix-12-195023346 webcite.

68. Noyes J, Hannes K, Booth A. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.3.0 (updated October 2015) 2015. [2018-03-29]. Qualitative research and Cochrane reviews http://methods.cochrane.org/qi/supplemental-handbook-guidance webcite.

69. Joanna Briggs Institute. 2017. [2018-06-04]. Critical Appraisal Tools - JBI http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools.html webcite.

70. Schünemann HJ, Andrew DO, Gunn EV, Julian PH, Jonathan JD, Paul GG. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. US: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. [Google Scholar]

71. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ, GRADE Working Group GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008 Apr 26;336(7650):924–6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/18436948. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

72. Schlosser R. Appraising the quality of systematic reviews. Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. 2007;17:1–7. http://ktdrr.org/ktlibrary/articles_pubs/ncddrwork/focus/focus17/Focus17.pdf. [Google Scholar]

73. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Meerpohl J, Norris S, Guyatt GH. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Apr;64(4):401–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

74. Ryan R. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group. 2013. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group: data synthesis and analysis http://cccrg.cochrane.org/sites/cccrg.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/meta-analysis_revised_december_1st_1_2016.pdf webcite.

Page 2

PMC full text:

Copyright/LicenseRequest permission to reuse

Copyright ©Elisavet Andrikopoulou, Philip James Scott, Helena Herrera. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 28.06.2018.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

Summary of personal health record (PHR) characteristics as derived by the literature [20,24-26].