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5. The process of conducting research and gathering and assimilating external informationis called environmental scanning or industry analysis. D.Internal Strengths and Weaknesses1.Internal strengths and internal weaknesses are an organization’s controllable activitiesthat are performed especially well or poorly.2.Identifying and evaluating organizational strengths and weaknesses in the functionalareas of a business is an essential strategic-management activity.3.Strengths and weaknesses are determined relative to competitors and may bedetermined by both performance and elements of being.E.Long-Term Objectives1.Objectives can be defined as specific results that an organization seeks to achieve inpursuing its basic mission.2.Long term means more than one year.3.Objectives state direction, aid in evaluation, create synergy, reveal priorities, focuscoordination, and provide a basis for effective planning, organizing, motivating andcontrolling activities.4.Objectives should be challenging, measurable, consistent, reasonable, and clear.F.Strategies1.Strategies are the means by which long-term objectives will be achieved. Businessstrategies may include geographic expansion, diversification, acquisition, productdevelopment, market penetration, retrenchment, divestiture, liquidation, and jointventure.2.Strategies currently being pursued by Best Buy, Levi Strauss, and New York TimesCompany are described in Table 1-1.H.Annual Objectives1.Annual objectives are short-term milestones that organizations must achieve to reachlong-term objectives.2.Like long-term objectives, annual objectives should be measurable, quantitative,challenging, realistic, consistent, and prioritized. I.Policies1.Policies are the means by which annual objectives will be achieved. Policies includeguidelines, rules, and procedures established to support efforts to achieve statedobjectives.2.Policies are most often stated in terms of management, marketing, finance/accounting,production/operations, research and development, and computer information systemsactivities.3.Because smoking is a huge burden on companies worldwide, some firms areimplementing policies to curtail smoking.Table 1-2 gives a ranking of the countriesby percentage of people who smoke.III.BENEFITS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENTThe principle benefit of strategic management has been to help organizations formulate betterstrategies through the use of a more systematic, logical, and rational approach to strategicchoice. Communication is a key to successful strategic management. The major aim of thecommunication process is to achieve understanding and commitment throughout theorganization. It results in the great benefit of empowerment.More and more organizationsare decentralizing the strategic-management process.Figure 1-2 illustrates the benefits ofengaging in strategic planning. Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document End of preview. Want to read all 7 pages? Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document |