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ten years old 13.4 per cent. are unable to read, and 17 per cent. are unable to The States can not rid themselves of the obligation to sustain free schools, write. The extremes of illiteracy in various States and Territories are as follows: That is one of the functions of free government, and can not safely be dis pensed with or evaded. General education was never accomplished except States and Territories. Unable to Unable to under government authority and by government revenues. Instead of doing read. write. anything to diminish the sense of the obligation of the Southern States to sustain an adequate system of free schools, I should much prefer to make it more real. The South, instead of deserving criticism or censure for omission of duty, de serves, the rather, commendation for what she has attempted and achieved. Per cent. Per cent. No chapter in her history is more brilliant than this or more merits grateful New Mexico........ 60.2 65.0 recognition of the $80,000,000 paid out for public schools every year by the South Carolina... 48.3 55.4 whole country, the South expends about $16,000,000, or one-fifth, while her tax. Louisiana 45.8 49.1 Wyoming......... able property does not come near that proportion of the aggregate taxable prop2.6 3.4 erty. A. D. Mayo, of Massachusetts, as familiar as any man in the Union with Dakota.. 3.1 4.8 the school work of the South, has often written of the grandeur and patriotism Oregon...... 4.1 5.7 of the sacrifices of the South in tbis direction. “No similar class of people in Pennsylvania 4.6 7.1 the Old or New World has accomplished so much, in a time so short against Maine .... 3.5 4.3 obstacles so formidable." Massachusetts... 5.3 6.5 Under her peouliar conditions, with a rural, agricultural, and sparse populaColorado.... 5.9 6.6 tion, without recuperation from the impoverishment and exhaustion of the war, Rhode Island............ 7.9 11.2 with a non-tax-paying, unskilled, immigration-forbidding, lately servile race of co-equal citizens as joint occupants of her territory, it is financially impossiIt will be noticed that, after New Mexico, the Southern States have a larger ble for the South to sustain a system of free schools continuing in session eight percentage of illiterate residents than any others. This is largely due to the months and affording educational facilities for the population of school age. great number of negroes therein. Of the total colored population over ten The school demand can not possibly be met by her resources, and it is an alarm. years of age, 70 per cent. are returned as unable to write. It is a consoling fact, ing fact that the States having the smallest resources have the heaviest school burdens. however, that only 62.7 per cent. of the colored population between fifteen and twenty years of age are unable to write. This would seem to argue that the Throughout the Northwestern States each child receives on an average for extension of colored children's schools during recent years had been successful. his yearly education about $15. In the South the per capita expenditure is Wyoming has a smaller percentage of illiteracy than any other State or Ter about $3.86. A rate of taxation, on present values of property, adequate to furritory, and Dakota and Oregon follow her closely. Colorado and Massachusetts nish free instruction to both white and black youth, would be nothing short of very nearly balance each other, but this is no indication that the former has so ruinous confiscation. The so much vaunted prosperity of the new South,” in general and good a system of education as the Bay State. The shoe factories and so far as it exists, has not reached agriculture, except partially and to a very like industries of Boston, Springfield, Worcester, Lynn, Lowell, Haverhill, etc., limited extent.* are in great measure responsible for the lack of general education in Massachu- The only remedy for this deplorable condition of affairs is national aid. The setts. This is true of all large cities. The slums are to blame for the illiteracy bill which passed ihe Senate at the last session proposes to act through State of America's children. school systems, in subordination and auxiliary to State authorities, and steered Mill-hands will not send their children to school as long as the latter can earn as far as possible from bureaucracy and centralization. The distribution was a few cents each day in the factories. not based on population in the aggregate, but on the illiteracy of the school popu. It may surprise some good Americans to learn that in percentage of illiteracy lation, ascertained or ascertainable from the sworn returns of the census. It we are far ahead of Scotland, Sweden, Bavaria, Holland, and other countries, rightly recognized illiteracy, not as local or sectional, but as a national question but the figures quoted from the foreign journal are probably correct. of paramount importance, imperiling our representative institutions. The Until we have compulsory education we can not hope to compete with Den North may be geographically and practically severed from contact with the mark's wonderful record or with Germany's kindergartens and gymnasia. negroes, but she can not hope to be exempt from the industrial, social, moral, America should not forget that the secret of Germany's standing as the greatest and political consequences of their illiteracy. military power on earth, as well as her towering position in science and art, The North emancipated, citizenized, and enfranchised the negroes; and from may be found in her schools and colleges. these three distinct, substantive acts-by no means logical, legal, or civil conse quents of one another-there is a resulting obligation that can not be honestly I have here a very recent letter or appeal of Dr. Curry, the repre- ignored or evaded to qualify them for citizenship and suffrage. It will no longer sentative of the Peabody fund, to the Congress of the United States, in satisfy conscience or reason to say that the south enjoyed the fruits of slave which he presents the subject of national aid with great urgency, and labor and must now pay for the education of the freedman, for since Appomat tox a quarter of a century has elapsed, and a majority of the negroes now livat the same time, considering the force and completeness of the article, ing were never in legal bondage to any man. with great brevity. It contains a repetition of a small part of what I The aid proposed, if given in bulk, is not so much as is given every year to introduced yesterday, but I think it of sufficient value to have it in- soldiers and claim agents in the way of pensions, and would be about one-fourth of the annual expenditures of the Government; but the bill appropriates only serted entire. $7,000,000 the first year and an average of only $10,000,000 for the period of eight An appeal to Southern Representatives in Congress and to the friends of free subsequent years. This trifling and temporary sum, to be paid over to State schools in the South. officers, is to be expended in the common schools on the right and healthful My official position as general agent of the Peabody education fund, conjoined condition that no greater part shall be paid out to any State in one year than to my Southern birth, residence, and sympathies, must be my apology for the the sum expended by that State out of its own revenues. To use an illustration of Senator BLAIR, if Florida, for instance, could receive by the provisions of apparent presumption of this appeal. Prior to 1867 there was not any general or efficient public-school system in the bill $1.25 for each child, in order to get that the State would have to raise the South. Before the war academies and colleges for both sexes were numer within itself an equal amount, thus securing for each child's education $2.50. The aid should be placed in the hands of State authorities, with proper reous and did excellent work, but no adequate provision was made for the edu strictions. The money should not be disbursed to the schools by Federal agents. cation of the masses. In the Southern States, excluding Delaware, Maryland, and Missouri, the ciency, and not be made dependencies upon centralized power at Washington. The State school systems should be strengthened in their separateness and effischool population, from six to fourteen years, according to the latest, most trust Aid rightly bestowed, instead of promoting mendicancy, will develop self-exworthy returns furnished to me from the Bureau of Education, is 4,028,775. The enrollment is 3,420,401. The school term at the South in the State schools will laxation of efforts in behalf of the independent maintenance of school systems. ertion, self-reliance, self-maintenance of popular education, and prevent any renot average eighty days, while that at the West and the North is more than double. The teaching in the rural districts is often of an inferior quality, what Fron the ordinance of 1787, prior to the adoption of the Constitution, through might reasonably be expected from poorly paid teachers employed for three or every administration, by every party, by every statesman, down to the present four months in the year. The annual school expenditure in these States is over period, national encouragement of education in some form has been approved $13,000,000. And in this amount is not included what is collected by local assess and sustained. Up to 1880 the Southern States had received for school purposes 5,520,504 acres ments in towns and cities. By the census of 1880, 6,000,000 of the 16,000,000 of children of school age did not of public land; for universities, 322,560 acres, and for agricultural and mechanattend the public schools. Of the school population of the South, nearly hall ritories received for schools, 62,273,415 acres; for universities, 842,960 acres, and ical colleges, 3,270,000 acres. During the same period Northern States and Terare not in school. Over sis and a quarter millions of our entire population for agricultural and mechanical colleges, 6,330,000 acres. The enabling act of could not write their names. Two millions of legal voters, of whom 900,000 were white and 1,100,000 were colored, could not write. This test of intelligence is 22d of February, 1889, enlarged these land grants by gifts to the Dakotas, Monso deceptive that, while one-fifth of the voters could not write at all, it is prob tana, und Washington. It is not too much to afirm that the common-schoolsystem is an essential basis able that two-fifths were so imperfectly educated as to be unable to read intelligently a newspaper or the Bible. The illiterate voters in the South were of free government, and that our liberties and the perpetuity of representative institutions are inseparably interwoven with the maintenance and well-being 1,363,884, or over one-third: 69.8 per cent. of illiterate voters were negroes and of our State-controlled free schools. Recently there have been strong and per30.2 per cent. whites. In North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabana. and Louisiana more than half the voters can not read their ballots. sistent efforts in behalf of “parochial schools,”' and the advocates of them, as The maintenance of our public schools has been complicated and made more substitutes for State schools, have manifestly increased their activity: If comonerous by the race question, which, whatever fanaticism or partisanship or mon schools fail at the South or linger in feebleness and insufficiency, the crass ignorance may say, is the most fearful problem that our civilization has parochial schools will acquire increased strength, if not predominance. If paroencountered. There is no discrimination in any of the Southern States against chial schools become influential and powerful, and take, in any degree, the place schools for negroes. The length of the school year is the same for both races. of the State schools, the denominations controlling and supporting them will clamor for their share of State revenues. When religionists become a compact Dr. Owens, of Roger Williams College, in Nashville, an institution for negroes, says: The South has acted nobly in dividing the public funds and providing body and act politically as a unit, they can often control municipal or State or Federal elections, and parties and candidates, from policy or cowardice, will good buildings." The Southern States, on whose territory the war between soon be yielding to the demand for a partition of funds. What has been done the States was waged and which came out of the terrible struggle crushed and in some cities will be repeated disastrously throughout the land. reduced to poverty, have paid nearly or quite $50,000,000 for the education of the negroes, and General Armstrong, the able principal of the Hampton School, * An examination of Tables 9 and 10 of sectionlof Commerce and Navigation who commanded a brigade of colored troops, says: “Southern tax-payers are for 1888, shows the total value of exports of merchandise, domestic product, doing more than any others for the negro by maintaining 16,000 free colored and manufacture from the United States for the year ending June 30, 1888, to be schools, at an annual cost of over $3,000,000. Of every $100 paid in South- $693,862,104. A hasty calculation shows the exports of Southern products, not ern taxation, $91,50 are paid by white people.” including tobacco, sugar, and naval stores, to have been $388,494,567, which The lamented Grady, in a recent speech in Boston, said that in Georgia "the would leave as exports from the Northern States, giving them the benefit of whites are assessed for $368,000,000 and the blacks for $10,000,000, and yet 49 per the products not included, $297.367,586. In olden times it was held that exports cent. of the beneficiaries are black children,"and that the negroes in the South were the basis of imports, and that a tax on imports was practically, in a large "paying one-thirtieth of the taxes get nearly one-halfof the fund spent in edu- degree, a tax on exports. If that be true, even approximately, then the South, cation. not to mention the adverse effect of “ Government partnership in trade,” pays, These negroes, with their inherited tendencies of superstition and their long, in proportion to wealth and population, a disproportionate share of the taxes dreary history of ignorance, thriftlessness, and slavery, are entitled to educa- called customs duties, which last year amounted to $223,832,741. Add to this the tion, to fullest moral and intellectual development, (1) as human beings, with fact that of the expenditures by the General Government for general purposes, individual responsibility and immortal souls, for whom Christ died, and (2) as such as coast survey, light-houses, rivers and harbors, etc.-excluding pensions, citizens and voters in a representative Republic. civil list, private claims, etc.-a very much larger portion is expended within It is a narrow view of the subject to confine it to negroes. The destitution of the limits of the Northern States, and we have more than a set-off for any allegathe means of education among white children is appaling. Northern charity tion of inequality of advantage as growing out of an appropriation for the preto the amount of over $15,000,000 has been concentrated upon negro children. vention and removal of illiteracy and for the salvation of the Republic. Page 3
ing assisted by this appropriation from the Treasury, the South, or at and his ignorance, carries a force that is felt and a result that is feared. The least the State of Kentucky, should be paid for her slaves, and that superintendent presents, as he conceives, the only proper and practical solu tion of the grievous problem of the political attitude of the colored man in the an installment of that which was distributed to the States generally States of the South. His social status is defined and determined, but this does in 1836-1838, which Kentucky failed to receive, should now he made not lessen his civil status or his civil responsibilities. over to her; and in one or two other ways he sees claims against the I have a letter from President Eldridge, of the normal school of AlaGeneral Government which he thinks ought to be preferred by the State bama, who writes from the president's office under date of January 24, of Kentucky, which, if acknowledged and paid by the Government, 1890, addressing the Commissioner of Education, Dr. W. T. Harris: would give a larger amount of aid than they are likely to derive from TROY, ALA., January 24, 1890. this bill. DEAR SIR: In receipting you for report, I take occasion to ask your judgment The necessity, the want of money, the conditions of education in the as to best means to reach Congressmen of both Houses as to the Blair bill. We State, as they have been depicted in the other evidence which I have sadly need it, for there is a great dearth of school funds all over the south." I even fear that the showing of the last report will wislead and endanger the spread before the Senate, are in nowise controverted by this statement above bill. Coming so recently from lowa (September, 1999), were more than of Superintendent Pickett, and therefore I submit this from one who $1,080,000 are annually paid for schools that accommodate only a few more pusays he is against the bill as evidence of the strongest character that entirely too small a sum. The Blair bill will stimulate to greater giving and I pils than Alabama should provide for, I am forced to call Alabama's $7,000 as the assistance which the bill proposes to render ought to be furnished trust to local taxation, now forbidden by our state constitution. and is actually needed; and coupled with this the assurance that, in W’ill petitions avail much? Any suggestions as to how the friends of educamy judgment, if it be not taken or received in this way, it is not likely tion may work with or through you will be gratefully received. to be obtained in any way, for the methods to which the gentleman E. R. ELDRIDGE, looks for relief are not likely to be submitted to by the Government. Dr. W. T. HARRIS, Commissioner of Education. A voice from Macedonia ! STATE SUPERINTENDENT PICKETT, OF KENTUCKY, CALLS FOR THE FOU'RTII IX STALLMENT OF THE SURPLU'S REVENCE-ALSO FOR INTEREST OY SLAVE PROP- I have here a letter from Superintendent Finger, of North Carolina, ERTY DESTROYED, who has for many years been superintendent of public instruction in [From Kentucky School Report, 1834-'86, page 108, J. Desha Pickett, superinten- that State. This is dated Raleigh, December 18, 1889, and addressed dent.] to Dr. Harris: Kentucky, with her inborn inteiligence, energy, and sense of independence, RALEIGII, December 18, 1889. and with her vast and varied material resources only needing further development, must continue to rely mainly on herself for the proper conduct and sus DEAR SIR: I thank you for yours of recent date inclosing newspaper cutting. I am glad your letter to Superintendent Preston has been published. It not only tenance of her common schools. Every importunate effort in any other direction contributes to lessen herself-reliance and her self-respect in regard to her schools. shuts the mouths of the enemies of national aid as to your position on that sub. Yet there are legitimate claims that the Commonwealth has upon the General ject, but it is also a very valuable contribution to help it on. Government which in no sense should be ignored by your honorable body or What you want, and what all the Southern friends of efficient systems want, disregarded by your obedient servant. In virtue of the large and unavailable is such Congressional help as will induce self-help. If I did not believe most confidently that the Blair bill would have this result, I would be opposed to it. surplus in the Treasury of the United States, the following " suggestions". were prepared and published by the superintendent, for the special consideration of That some such stimulus is necessary may be seen from the following: the last General Assembly, and as they are of equal force at present they are 1. The South is not now in a financial condition to bear the expense of sucduly reproduced.” cessfully contending with the very great illiteracy of her people. Considering In the common School Report for 1880-'89, pages 218–222, the origin of the chised, and are so yet, and the further facts that before the war school facilities the fact that almost the whole negro population were illiterate when enfranschool fund is succinctly recited. It will be seen that under the deposit act of June for the whites were very poor, and that during the war, and for years thereafter, 23, 1836, Kentucky reccived $1,433,757.39 from the General Government, that suin constituting the three installments. The fourth installment, calling for $177,- force, the South's general illiteracy may be easily assumed as to the great masses the schools, public and private, were either suspended or of comparatively little 919.13, has never been paid, or, in other words, has never been deposited, as the of the people. law clearly requires. According to the act of Congress the deposits were subject to call, in ratable sums by the Secretary of the Treasury, if wanted to meet position to liberal education of the masses of the people, white and black, the 2. Because the people are poor, and for other reasons founded in strong opappropriations by law. These installinents have never been called for, and no law has ever been enacted by Congress preventing the payment of the fourth in average politician of both political parties moves up on the educational line stallınent. It is still due, and there is a large surplus in the public Treasury at only as he is moved by some pressure. Even if he desires progress he is very often afraid of the people. Washington. That amount should be legally collected and added to the common-school fund of this Commonwealth." 3. The great majority of the people have not enough education to niake them The superintendent sug- appreciate it and earnestly contend for it. They unfortunately too readily be gests: "First. That inasmuch as there is a large surplus revenue reported to be in lieve their worst enemies to be their best friends. Educate a generation and the United States Treasury which is not needed for the ordinary expenses of the probability is the cause will not be allowed to suffer loss thereafter and we win the fight. the Government and is not demanded for the payment of any portion of its debts, and inasmuch as the fourth installment has not been paid to Kentucky 1. Because of the financial weakness of our system South we necessarily have for common-school purposes, the General Assembly take such steps as may be short terms and, as a rule, non-professional teachers. The result is by no means necessary for the proper consideration of the matter. It should be added ihat the best teaching. In other words, the schools, as a rule, do not command the Virginia and other States are moving in the same direction. patronage and influence of a very large proportion of the more intelligent citiSecond. In consideration of the facts stated above and that Kentucky has zens. Before the public schools can efficiently educate the people they must be annually and largely contributed to the creation of the surplus revenue in the continued long enough annually and be made good enough to command the Federal Treasury by the regular payment of taxes thereto, she is in a position they will be actively sustained by good people generally, and not simply tol respect of all classes of our people. When once good scliools are established to expect, as a moral and political obligation, her legitimate quota of such surplus, independently of all form of subsidy or of coinpromise of her inherent erated, as are the schools in existence now by a great many people whose activo rights as a State. favorable influence is a necessity for success. "Third. Creation involves the obligation of legitimate preservation. Inas 5. Those persons who in the South stand for the liberal education of all the much as a large additional citizenship, with equal political rights and privileges, people are very much in the minority. They contend against great odds and but of unequal material, had been created in Kentucky by the power of the Fed often feel very much discouraged and like giving up the fight. Consider for & eral Government, and in view of all the facts given, the superintendent suggests by Congressional aid. Their hands, as it were, would be untied, and they would moment the great effect for good that would result from their encouragement that such steps shall be taken as shall lay before said Government that which is due both to the white and the colored citizens of this Commonwealth in re redouble their energies to make the schools commend themselves to all the gard to the necessities of the common-school system of Kentucky." people. The moral effect would be wonderful. I do not think there would be In response to the proposition concerning the fourth installment,” indicated any danger of falling back in State appropriations during the time the help above, the honorable joint committee on education favored the “suggestion; would continue. I believe the bill sufficiently guards that point. the superintendent accordingly drew up a bill covering the whole grourid, 6. If we educate a generation, better living and greater material prosperity which duly became an act of the General Assembly, approved April 12, 1881. must be the result, and greater safety to life and property. Lift the people into In accordance with the second “suggestion," a bill drawn also by the super the atmosphere of higher life and they will not willingly breathe any other. intendent, guarding the character and credit of the Commonwealth in the event From these considerations and others which will readily suggest themselves of national aid to common schools, was introduced in the senate, and finally, I think it is apparent that Congressional help to the people of the South through by executive approval, became a law on the 12th of May, 1884. their State systems will so stimulate them into an appreciation of education that No special action was directly taken in regard to the third "suggestion," but, they, the source of all power, will thereafter compel lawmakers to provide as Kentucky was always rated and ranked as a loyal State" by the General money so that there shall be no backward step, and will at least silence opposi tion, Government, and in view of her heavy loss in property, her slaves alone being assessed in 1860 by the proper State officers at $108,876,402, and that she is main One of the reasons or pretexts for opposition to the bill is its real or supposed taining, as already shown, at the expense of her white schools, a system of com interference with State systems. I wish the friends of the bill could change its As I see mon schools for the very descendants of those slaves, the superintendent liereby provisions that look that way, if any there be, and so spike that gun. “suggests," as a matter of law and as a measure of relief, that these facts be duly it here, the opposition is largely people who do not see the necessity of much education for the masses of the people. represented to the General Government. A low rate of interest on one-tenth of the value of the emancipated slaves of I beg pardon for writing so much. I trust, however, what I have written may the “loyal citizens” of the State would, with the present census of pupil chil not be uninteresting to you and any friends of the bill under whose eye it may fall. dren, maintain the system of colored schools, with a fair appropriation for the building of school-houses. The State would compensate for the increase of the S. M. FINGER, Yours, very respectfully, school census. This plan is entirely practicable by the execution of a bond by State Superintendent Public Instruction. the General Government in favor of the Commonwealth, drawing interest, with Dr. W. T. IIARRIS, out invading the principal, at 4 per cent. per annum until the system becomes Commissioner of Eilucation, Washington, D. C. at least measurably, and by degrees, self-sustaining: I have a great deal of matter which I shall not detain the Senate by Kentucky should apply for such relief, not as a gift, a gratuity, or a loan, but simply in part payment of a debt created by the annihilation of property rights reading. This is from the proceedings of the sixth annual convention of the State as a presumed measure of preserving the Union. Indeed, such re- of the Louisiana Educational Association held at Ruston, La., August lief should be afforded all the Southern States until they fully rescue themselves 7, 8, and 9, 1889. There is a great deal of matter here which I had from the oppression consequent upon the war, and this can be legitimately done without predicating the principle involved upon any assumed duty or right of marked to be inserted, all of it of great importance, but I realize that the General Government to interfere in any manner or measure with the dual there must be an end to these things, and I will, therefore, content mysystem of common schools in any Southern State, though inadequately main- self by asking the Senate to submit to the weariness of listening to this tained at large and burdensome expense. The negro, a neutral before the war, has, with his endowment of the right of resolution only, adopted by the Educational Association of Louisiana: suffrage, became a formidable factor since the war, for his political attitude 4. Recognizing that the lack of funds is a great hinderance to the effective work evolved a problem more difficult of solution than the war itself. It is, in fact, of our educators and the advancement of education: Therefore, the war of ignorance wrought into the very foundations of government. It is Resolved, That we leartily reiterate our indorsement, made at a previous constill the gravest of race problems, for the newly created citizen, with his “rights" | vention, of the action of our Representatives in Congress in favoring the passage Page 4
Mr. CUTCHEON. On last evening, immediately before the adjourntime to time, consent to sell, on such terms and conditions as shall be considered just and equitable between the United States and said tribe of Indians, which ment, the Speaker stated that the first question is on the Senate bill purchase shall not be complete until ratified by Congress, and the form and 1359, providing for the appointment of an Assistant Secretary of War. manner of executing such release shall also be prescribed by Congress;' and Thereupon a motion was made by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. STRUWhereas the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Dakota or Sioux Indians are desir. sus of disposing of a portion of the land set apart and reserved to them BLE], and the House adjourned. My inquiry is whether or not that by the third article of the treaty of February 19, 1867, between them and the vote is now in order? United States, and situated partly in the State of North Dakota and partly in The SPEAKER. The Chair is of opinion that it is not. the State of South Dakota : Now, therefore, this agreement made and entered into in pursuance of the Mr. CUTCHEON. When would it be in order ? provisions of the act of Congress approved February 8, 1887, aforesaid, at the The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks it would be in order after the Sisseton agency, South Dakota, on this, the 12th day of December, 1889, by and disposal of business on the Speaker's table on any day when carrying , between Eliphalet Whittlesey, D. W. Diggs, and Charles A. Maxwell on the part of the United States, duly authorized and empowered thereto, and the chiefs, out the regular order of business. head men, and male adult members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Da INCREASE OF PENSIONS IN CERTAIN CASES. kota or Sioux Indians, witnesseth: ARTICLE I. The Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Dakota or Sioux Indians Mr. MORRILL. Mr. Speaker, I desire to submit a conference report hereby cede, sell, relinquish, and convey to the United States all their claim, on Senate bill 835. right, title, and interest in and to all the unalloted lands within the limits of the reservation set apart to said bands of Indians, as aforesaid, remaining after the The SPEAKER. The report will be read. allotnients and additional allotments provided for in article 4 of this agreement The Clerk read as follows: shall have been made. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on ART. 2. In consideration for the lands ceded, sold, relinquished, and conveyed the amendment of the House to the bill (S. 835) to increase the pensions of ceras aforesaid, the United States stipulates and agrees to pay to the Sisseton and tain soldiers and sailors who are totally helpless from injuries received or disWahpeton bands of Dakota or Sioux Indians, parties hereto, the sum of $2.50 ease contracted while in the service of the United States, having met, after full per acre for each and every acre thereof, and it is agreed by the parties hereto and free conference, have agreed to recommend, and do recommend, to their that the sum so to be paid shall be held in the Treasury of the United States respective Houses as follows: for the sole use and benefit of the said bands of Indians; and the same, with in- That the Senate agree to the House substitute for said bill with the following terest thereon at 3 per cent. perannum, shall be at all times subject to appropria- amendments : Before the word "certificate" in the thirteenth line, insert the foltion by Congress for the education and civilization of the said bands of Indians, lowing words: "Passage of this act or of the." Also, strike out all after the or members thereof, as provided in section 5 of an act of Congress approved word disability,” in the fifteenth line, and insert “Made subsequent to the February 8, 1887, and entitled "An act to provide for the allotment of lands in passage of this act;" and the Zouse agree to the same. severalty to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of E. N. MORRILL, the laws of the United States and Territories over the Indians, and for other pur JOHN G. SAWYER pose ::" Provided, That any religious society or other organization now occupy S. S. YODER, ing, underproper authority, for religious or educational work among the Indians, Managers on the part of the House. any of the lands in this agreement ceded, seld, relinquished, and conveyed, shall C. K. DAVIS, have the right for two years from the date of the ratification of this instrument PHILETUS SAWYER, within which to purchase the lands so occupied at a price to be fixed by the DAVID TURPIE, Congress of the United States: Provided further, That the cession, sale, relin Managers on the part of the Senate. quishment, and conveyance of the lands described in article 1 of this agreement shall not take effect and be in force until the sum of $312.778.37, together with The statement accompanying the report of the conference committee the sum of $18,400, shall have been paid to said bands of Indians, as set forth and is as follows: stipulated in article 3 of this agreement. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, UNITED STATES, ART. 3. The United States stipulates and agrees to pay to the Sisseton and Washington, D.C., February 19, 1890. Wahpeton bands of Dakota or Sioux Indians, parties hereto, per capita the sum of $342,778. 37, being the amount found to be due certain members of said Statement to accompany report of conferees on Senate bill 835. bands of Indians who served in the armies of the United States against their The effect of the changes in the House substitute as agreed upon by the conown people when at war with the United States, and their families and ferees is to make the proposed increase of pension take effect from the date of descendants, under the provisions of the fourth article of the treaty of July 23, the passage of the bill or the subsequent certificate of the examining board of 1851, and of which they have been wrongfully and unjustly deprived by the surgeons that the disability exists in the required degree. The conferees also operation of the provisions of an act of Congress approved February 16, 1863, agree that the clause giving the Commissioner of Pensions discretionary auand entitled "An act for the relief of persons for damages sustained by reason of thority to fix rates between $30 and $50 per month shall be stricken out. The depredations and injuries by certain bands of Sioux Indians,” said sum being further changes in the phraseology of the bill are made necessary by the foreat the rate of $18,400 per annum from July 1, 1862, to July 1, 1888, less their pro- going changes, and do not affect the principles of the bill. rata share of the sum of $616,086.52, heretofore appropriated for the benefit of said Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Dakota or Sioux Indians, as set forth in matter will inform the House as to the effect of these amendments. Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, I hope some person familiar with this report numbered 1953 of the House of Representatives, Fiftieth Congress, first session. Mr. MORRILL. Mr. Speaker, the statement which accompanies the The United States further agrees to pay to said bands of Indians per capita report of the conferees sets out very clearly what the effect of these the sum of $18,400 annually, from the 1st day of July, 1888, to the ist day of July; amendments will be. The substitute which passed the House provided 1901, the latter date being the period at which the annuities to said bands of Indians were to cease under the terms of the fourth article of the treaty of July that this increase of pensions should take effect from the time of the 23, 1851, aforesaid, and it is hereby further stipulated and agreed that the afore- certificate of the board of surgeons showing the increased disability to said sum of $342,778.37, together with the sum of $18,400, due the 1st day of July, 1889, shall become immediately available upon the ratification of this agreement. exist. That is stricken out, and the increase is only to take effect from ART. 4. It is further stipulated and agreed that there shall be allotted to each the passage of this act. individual member of the bands of Indians, parties hereto, a sufficient quanti- The House will remember the purpose of this bill, which is to corty, which, with the lands heretofore allotted, shall make in each case 160 acres, and in case no allotment has been made to any individual member of said bands rect an error, inadvertence, or injustice in the act of June, 1880, which then an allotment of 160 acres shall be made to such individual, the object of provided that all persons who were then on the pension-roll at the rate this article being to equalize the allotments among the members of said bands, of $50 a month should be increased to $72 a month; but it made no so that each individual, including married women, shall have 160 acres of land. And patents shall issue for the lands allotted in pursuance of the provisions of provision for those who should afterwards be put on the pension-roll this article, upon the same terms and conditions and limitations as is provided at $50 a month. Now, the House substitute provided that that inin section 5 of the act of Congress approved February 8, 1887, hereinbefore re- crease should take effect from the time that it was shown by examinaferred to. ART. 5. The agreement concluded with the said Sisseton existed. of Dakota or Sioux Indians on the 8th day of December, 1884, granting a right Mr. SAYERS. Will the gentleman from Kansas allow me a quesof way through their reservation for the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Rail- tion? way is hereby acceptod, ratified, and confirmed. ART. 6. This agreement shall not take effect and be in force until ratified by Mr. MORRILL. I can not understand the gentleman. the Congress of the United States. Mr. SAYERS. Will the gentleman from Kansas permit me to ask him a question ? RETURN OF BILL TO THE SENATE. Mr. MORRILL. I would rather get through with the explanation, The SPEAKER. The Chair lays before the House the following re- and then I will answer any questions gentlemen may ask. quest of the Senate. The effect of this change is to strike out that clause which would The Clerk read as follows: allow the increase to take effect from the time that the increased disIN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, February 19, 1890. ability was shown to exist by the board of examiners, which might be Ordered, That the Secretary of the Senate be directed to request the House of any time between June 30 and the present time, and for the increase Representatives to return to the Senate the bill (s. 2652) for the relief of the to commence from the passage of this act; and, in case of disabilities inSioux Indians at Devil's Lake agency, North Dakota. creased hereafter, from the date of the certificate made by the board The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, the Clerk will be directed hereafter. hereafter. The result will be to wipe out all arrears that would come to return the bill to the Senate. under this increase. There was no objection. The other clause that is stricken out is the clause the House inserted LEAVE OF ABSENCE. allowing the Commissioner of Pensions, in cases of disability amounting By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: to total disqualification from the performance of manual labor, less than To Mr. BULLOCK, indefinitely, on account of sickness in his family. that which required attendance of another person, to make a rate beTo Mr. BREWER, for two days. tvreen $30 and $50 per month for these disabilities. That is stricken To Mr. WILLIAMS, of Illinois, indefinitely, on account of sickness. out, leaving it $72 per month for those totally helpless and regularly To Mr. BLISS, for one week, on account of important business. requiring the aid and attendance of another person. To Mr. O'DONNELL, for one week, on account of important business. Now, I will answer such questions as the gentleman from Texas de sires to ask. ORDER OF BUSINESS. Mr. SAYERS. I understood the gentleman from Kansas that under Mr. CUTCHEON. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. the agreement that has been reached by the conferees on the part of The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. Page 5
Mr. BLOUNT. Then how much is it estimated that the Government his commerce and strives to surround himself with everything that would be a delight to himself and his family. [Applause. ] It is one of the glorious things that the widow's son and the poor boy itself. The committee make no proposition as to what the buildings always and everywhere in this country may attain the most distinshall be or how much they shall cost. guished position and the greatest wealth, and when the question is Mr. BLOUNT. Then how do you get at the estimate that a million asked of me as a mercantile man, if we are governed by our individual and a half dollars will be the total cost? How do you determine upon interests in all that we do for our own advancement and the honor of that? the country, I deny it as an American citizen. [Applause. ] Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. In a general way we have made But, Mr. Speaker, in connection with the questions that have been an estimate as to the total, and this places the amount at the outside. suggested I am wasting a great deal of valuable time and depriving Mr. BLOUNT. I simply want an approximation. the House of hearing more eloquent speeches from gentlemen who are Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. We gave that as an approxima- to follow me. tion of the outside expense. The second bill, No. 6834, is the bill that is adapted to the city of Mr. BLOUNT. As to the buildings themselves ? Washington. That bill differs from the others in the fact that WashMr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. We thought we could not go into ington is to be indorsed and the expense is to be sustained by bonds that. The buildings and the style of the buildings will be left to the issued by the District of Columbia. The other bill depends upon the commission to be appointed by the Government, which we believe will money of the people. I shall not discuss the propositions of that bill, be qualified to do that when they enter upon their duty. but will leave it to gentlemen who represent it. In place of a corpoMr. FRANK. Section 22 covers that proposition. ration to transact the business, as in the case of the other cities, this Mr. BLOUNT. We have had some experience in this business of bill for Washington provides for the appointment of a board to control Government exhibitions. Can you tell what the cost has been hereto- and manage the business and disburse the money, and then appoint a fore? commission to aid them in the management of the fair, to be made up Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. There was the Philadelphia ex of members from the different States and Territories. In the section . hibition. I do not know the cost of the buildings, but the Government of the bill which relates to the appropriation of money the proceeds of was called upon for $1,600,000, but $1,500,000 was repaid to the Govern- the $15,000,000 of bonds of the District of Columbia to bear interest ment. The cost of the buildings was a small proportion of that amount. at 3 per cent. are applied. Mr. BLOUNT. Is there a proposition requiring that to be repaid ? The proceeds of the fair in the one case, in bill No. 6883, go to the Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. No, sir. That is a contribu- stockholders who furnish the money for the exhibition; but in the bill tion of the Government to take care of its own exhibit. It does differ No. 6884 the proceeds received from the tickets sold go to discharge from Philadelphia in that regard. the obligation incurred by the bonds to be issued by the District of Mr. BLOUNT. It stands on a different footing. Columbia. I need not say to gentlemen on this floor, as to the bonds Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. I will say in explanation of it of the District, that whatever portion of them is not provided for by that we ask a million and a half that the Government may take care the receipts will have to be divided, as to the burden, between the Govof its own exhibit. Believing that the Government recognizes the pa- ernment of the United States and an assessment upon the property of triotic claims of the people in making an exhibit, we believe that we the District. The bill seems equitable in that respect, because the should provide room for it, and if it is material that the Government Government owns and controls one-half the property and the citizens should make its own exhibit it can not do less than maintain it at its the other half. The same liberality, so far as the people are concerned, expense. is shown in the bill No. 6884 as in the bill No. 6883. It is no purpose Mr. KERR, of Iowa. You do not make any provision for its return of the people to ask the support of the Government beyond what is fair Mr. MORSE. Will my colleague permit me to ask him a question ? and equitable for the Government to give, and the expenses of the fair Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. I would rather that the gentle will be paid by the people of the United States. But, now, Mr. Speaker, while I have spoken longer than I had intendSection 21 provides for the Government exhibit and provides for the ed, I must devote a few minutes as chairman of the committee to the gencharge of selection, preparation, safe-keeping, etc. eral proposition in regard to this fair. It is supposed that, under the Section 22 makes an appropriation for the transportation, care, cus- peculiar construction of the committee, the chairman is the only man tody, exhibition, and erection of suitable buildings, and the return of upon it who is not open to conviction by argument and persuasion, and the articles belonging to the Government exhibit. it is well that, as I stand for the fair first, the gentlemen representing Mr. Speaker, that ends the bill 6883. the different cities should have an opportunity to argue in respect to Mr. BLOUNT. Will my friend allow me a question? their several cities and present their claims to the House. And when Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. Certainly. I appeal to the members of this House as the Representatives of the Mr. BLOUNT. Is there anythivg in this bill restricting this com- American people to vote for this bill, I make the appeal in answer to mission to the expenditure of a million and a half? the call of millions all over the country, and not merely in answer to Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. That is the limit of the appro- the call of our own people, because the attention of the world outside priation. It is under the charge of the Government, and the Govern- has been drawn to the importance of this proposed commemoration. ment has the right to say whether they will expend a million and a half I believe that in every phase of this question—whether we regard the or half a million. inspiration to the patriotism of our people, whether we look at it as a Mr. BLOUNT. Is there anything to say that they are not to go be- grateful recognition of the services of one of the most important charyond a million and a half? acters in history, whether we say that it is fitting after the lapse of four Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. They are under the control of hundred years that this people should commemorate the discovery of the Government itself, and they could not go further than the amount | America-in every phase of this question we must conclude that the appropriated. We have asked for what is deemed to be necessary. fair should be held. If we believe, as I believe, that the discovery of Mr. BLOUNT. That is placed in the statute. Now, is there any- the American continent led to results which have been of the greatest thing which provides that they shall not go beyond that? bencfit to mankind at large, it seems fitting and appropriate that at the Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. That is placed in the statutė, close of four hundred years we should call the attention of the world and they would have no right to go any further. to that great event by such a celebration, and I believe the result can Mr. BLOUNT. They have in the past. only be to inspire our people with greater patriotism and to lead them Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. That would be the established to a more perfect realization of the benefits of a free government. law and the Government could not go beyond the expenditure of the I believe that the people are warranted in holding this fair as a precamount appropriated. edent for the future. But, sir, I wish to speak not merely of the senMr. BLOUNT. It sometimes does it in cases of this kind where timental aspects of this matter, but also I desire to call attention to its they are surrounded with so much sentiment. advantages as a commercial proposition. It is natural, I may suggest, Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. I would like to say, Mr. Speaker, for a commercial man with the American spirit to look at the material in regard to that suggestion that there is some ideality in the highest advantages of this project, and it seems to me that the invitation of the and best type of an American. I do know that as an American. I be- Government of the United States to the people of the world to visit our lieve that the highest incentive to action in material things is indi- country, to study our institutions, and to comprehend our resources, is vidual interest, and I believe that the American people, from the high a wise thing from a commercial point of view. est to the lowest, have something else in them than simply impulses of It comes in regular sequence for us to invite the people of the world a material kind. to come here in 1892. We have had two congresses already, the PanI believe that there are few men who send their ships to whiten dis-American and the Maritime Congress. Now, let us utilize the ideas tant seas, that there are few men who plan great enterprises, construct which leading men have put forth in those important conventions, and great railroads across the continent, or who have delved into the depths invite the masses of the people, the representatives of labor as well as of the earth to develop its mineral resources and wealth on a great of capital, the man who has an invention, the man who wishes to imscale but have the impulse as an impelling force, an undercurrent, that prove his condition, invite them all to come here and see the resources they would add to the greatness of the country by extending its in- of our country, the opportunities which it presents, and what this fluence and its commerce everywhere. It should be the aim of the American people have achieved since 1622. Government to develop every good quality, and in that way give an Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I advocate this fair for the reason that it will incentive to its people. I say that the merchant does that who extends bring the nations of the world to visit America. And now, let me for Page 6
wherein to hold the fair, permit me to direct your special attention to shall be dimmed, and that the thousands who will come to visit our Columbia's sons, let them be near or far, Confess New York the first in peace or war; city of New York over a million and a half of dollars, a district which And by the mighty Hudson, only there, is now ready at a moment's notice for the construction of all the build Most fitting place to hold a great world's fair. ings necessary. Chicago, giant of the glorious West St. Louis, Washington, calm now your troubled breast, Proclaim your country's glory everywhere, New York the only place to hold a great world's fair! hundred and twenty-third street on the north, One hundred and tenth [Loud applause.] street or Central Park on the south, Fourth avenue on the east, and Mr. FLOWER. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from New the Hudson River on the west, will recognize at a glance the territory Jersey (Mr. MCADOO). which I am about to describe.' This is, as I am sure you will admit, Mr. MCADOO. I gield one minute of my time to the gentleman one of the grandest spots on God's footstool. from New York [Mr. SHERMAN]. Rising as it does about 100 feet above the mighty waters of the Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I believe there should be held in the Hudson and surrounded as it is with thousands of large and costly year 1892 a celebration which will fittingly commemorate the four buildings, filled with tens upon tens of thousands of the very best hundredth anniversary of the discovery of this continent by Columbus. classes of our citizens—the bone and sinew of our land-truly might it History does not record, sir, a discovery which in far-reaching results, be said that the eye of man hath never gazed upon scenery more fair in its impress upon civilization, parallels that of Columbus. Civilizathan this! tion, education, science, literature, and industry have here attained a To the north can be seen full 20 miles of the Hudson, until the foremost rank. foremost rank. Upon a continent unknown to civilized man four hunview becomes lost, by the windings of the river, in Tappan Bay, which dred years ago has grown up a government which has outstripped every is nearly 8 miles wide-a river dotted with the most beautiful islands, government on the globe in everything save population. Occupying, - Straight across, and for miles up and down the river on the Jersey the proud acclaim "I am an American " has a meaning throughout world's fair. Mr. Speaker, a world's fair should be held in 1892. It view extends nearly, if not quite, to Sandy Hook, 25 miles away, and should equal or eclipse all the fairs, expositions, or other national pathrough whose gateway pours a never-ending fleet of vessels, bearing geants that have heretofore been held, under whatever government, in the products of the world, and from every clime, to the wharves of that whatever clime, on the face of the globe. I believe, sir, if we, if all the , great city. American people, will lay aside all political, sectional, or other differWhat a picture of reality this is and which is to be seen day after ence and enter with the determination and the will of the founders day as the years roll round from the rising to the setting of the sun. of this Government into this movement, at whatever place this fair is This in itself is an exhibition which to see is worth coming thousands held, it will be the brilliant success it should, a credit to our Governof miles. And yet we are told by some few gentlemen here that we ment, a lasting monument to our progress. Opinions must differ as to have no proper site for a world's fair! I might mention that within details. They differ widely as to location. the territory just set apart as a site and mentioned by me are two most The city of my choice, New York, possesses--and I do not mean to beautiful parks, Morningside and Riverside, the latter said by tourists speak disparagingly of other cities—as does no other place, every require , to possess views more enchanting than they ever met with in all their ment, every detail, every convenience, to meet the needs of the fair; ; travels. transportation, by sea, by river, by sound, by rail, to bring the hunSome have said that it is now too late to hold a fair in 1892. The dreds of thousands of visitors to our city; within the city the best gentlemen are right if they refer to the holding of it any where outside system of local transportation in the world; a site almost in the heart of New York. Declare by your vote now that a fair is to be held and of the city, possessed not alone of beauty, but of every modern conventhat New York is the place to hold it, and the people of that city will ience for health and comfort, and ample provision to house and provide show you, will show the country and the world, that no time is too food for all comers. There, sir, I believe, with the least expense to the late for her; then all the mighty resources of that great city will spring of that great city will spring Government, can the fair be held that will reflect the greatest credit into action; you will then see the unlimited power which she holds ever upon this nation; there, with her $15,000,000 already in hand; there, ready, and the accomplishment of whose will, as well as the power of with her committee, peerless committee that it is, representing the cultthe people of this land, will be such an exhibition in itself as will excite ure, the wealth, and the business of the nation's metropolis, already the wonder and admiration of the world. appointed. Ships the largest in the world can sail up to and deposit their pre- Sir, when some other city shall present such advantages, such incious freight of exhibits right at the very gates of the fair buildings. ducements, to her will New York gracefully yield the palm. . Trunk-lines of railroads, now skirting the grounds on every side, will But I wish to say, sir, now and here, that should a majority of the bring glad and wondering throngs from all over the country; our in-Congress differ from me, should this beautiful Capital city or either comparable elevated railroad system, which now with ease carries 500,- of the great cities of the West, St. Louis or Chicago, be chosen, by 000 passengers daily, can handle in such an emergency 750,000; our voice and vote will I do my full part for its success. Until the voting, floating palaces of steamboats will bring to the grounds an unlimited which is to begin on Monday, is finished, until one or the other of these number. competing cities shall have their longing desires satisfied, I am a New The capacity of her hotels are unlimited, and one grand, proud feat. Yorker. Yorker. From then on I am an American, a citizen of the United ure of the conditions to be found there is that her charges are just and States, proud of my country, my Government, her flag; proud of her uniform; a dollar procures as much for the purchaser whether she is history and her progress, and determined that her celebration in '92 entertaining tens or whether she is entertaining a million. Equal wel. shall be such a one that foreign visitors will leave our shores with their come for all, equal courtesy for all, equal rights for all, in that city by respect and admiration for our country and our Government increased. the sea. As we possess everything, so will everything combine to insure [Applause. ] a grand success. Thousands of our grateful working men and women Mr. MCADOO. Mr. Speaker, this is not the first time in the history will be put to work, plenty will abound everywhere, and the appreci- of our country when New Jersey stands by to succor her sister New ation and blessing of a happy people will be yours. York. During the darkest days of the Revolution the cheering cry Gentlemen, you are face to face with a most important question. went up, “Good news from the Jerseys," to cheer the hearts of AmerYou are assembled to decide by your vote that our country will hold, ican patriots in New York. Understanding that this is not to be a govon the four hundredth anniversary of its discovery, an international, á ernmental exhibition, paid for out of the public Treasury, I favor it, world's fair. Remember that you are representing 60,000,000 people; and cheerfully and emphatically declare myself in favor of New York remember that the civilized world will send the products of her genius as the best site. and of her wealth to our shores on that occasion; remember that as To-day, sir, in every counting-room, workshop, and farm, and deep Americans we are constantly boasting of our genius and our greatness. down in the silver-veined mountains of the western coast, millions of Now for the first time, I might say, we are to be pitted against the American working men and women are awaiting your verdict as to the globe in a contest which will require every man to do his duty. Where, proposed world's fair. They look forward with pleasure to this comthen, and to whom shall you intrust the protection of your national ing object-lesson to be taught by the industry, art, and genius of the honor? Reflect calmly for a moment, and then I am sure you will say universe. They are unanimously for a fair. New York! Great in your unselfishness, glorious in your strength, As Americans we are proud of Chicago and St. Louis. They are great magnificent in your Americanism, to you, and you alone, I trust the and progressive cities-splendid monuments to the untiring enterprise standard of my country. Bear it as you have always borne it before! of our Western fellow-citizens. They are fit capitals of that triumphant You, and you only, should be selected to lead us in this great contest empire which has grown with fabulous rapidity in our Western States. against the world! I am convinced that, with you, no star of that flag Enterprising, vigorous, patriotic, manly, and American, the great West Page 7
; any of the other cities named. New York is the commercial and finan- inland shipping trade than any other city in the world and larger than cial metropolis of the country. any other three cities in the United States. [Applause. ] St. Louis is a beautiful city that would be a marvel of growth in Chicago is inhabited by a people whose hearts and hands are always any other country than our own. open to any great enterprise that serves to develop and build up this Of Washington I do not need to speak; she speaks for herself. country and for the benefit of mankind. Her people have obliterated But Chicago presents in the highest degree all the requirements of a from their vocabulary the word "fail.” They do not understand its location for the exposition. It is central. It is central. Around the lake on whose meaning. The world-wide reputation of her citizens for ability, enshores she sits as queen cluster four great States, embracing one-sixth ergy, and push will assure every one that if the fair is located there it of the population of the Union. Chicago is sufficiently enterprising to will be a brilliant success and a celebration in every way fitting as the make it an assured success. She has ample room and unlimited com- world's tribute to the noble mariner who discovered our hemisphere. munication by land and water. She is an epitome of the continent. Mr. ADAMS. My colleague desires to yield five minutes to the genThe people of every country would find here the children of the father- tleman from Kansas (Mr. PERKINS]. land. She is a polyglot city. Mr. PERKINS. As one representing an agricultural constituency, New York has had her turn. and a constituency of the West, I favor this resolution which provides Philadelphia has had a great centennial exposition under the auspices for holding this great world's fair or exposition. I believe, sir, as has of the Government. been expressed upon this floor to-day, that the centennial exposition of The South has not been forgotten, but has been aided in her great 1876 held at Philadelphia contributed in no small degree to the glory cotton exposition at New Orleans. The West now claims her right of this people and to our prosperity as a nation, and I believe that like We are for the fair, and we want it to be the great American fair; results will follow this great world's fair which we propose to hold in and that it may be we want it in the right place. 1892. Go into the west corridor and look upon Leutze's great painting illus- Then comes the practical question for us to consider, Where shall it be trative of “Westward the course of empire takes its way." See the held? Shall it be for the convenience of the people of our country, in one eager stress and strain as the endless throng press forward to the great, of the great interior centers, accessible by railroads and by water to all boundless, and enticing West. It is the East, New York and New Eng- parts of the country, or shall it be held upon the coast of the United land, pressing forward to the land of promise and hope. States, or at this beautiful Capital city? That is the question that Gentlemen, when you seek a place for the great world's fair take the comes practically and logically before us for our consideration. If it is advice of New York's greatest journalist and “Go west." to be a great national exposition, under the auspices and control of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has expired. General Government and managed by governmental directors, it seems Mr. CUTCHEON. I ask leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD. to me it ought to be held in this Capital city, with all its beautiful parks, Mr. HATCH. Mr. Speaker, in that connection I ask unanimous its national renown and honor, its magnificent public buildings, and its consent for general leave to print remarks in the RECORD upon this glory as the seat of Government of the people's Republic. [Applause.] subject. But if it is to be a great industrial exposition, in which our States are There was no objection, and it was so ordered. to participate, to be managed and governed by State directors, then some Mr. ADAMS. My colleague [Mr. HITT] desires to yield ten min- one of the great central Western cities, accessible to all sections of the utes to the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. TAYLOR]. Union, should be selected. And, Mr. Speaker, looking at the situation Mr. TAYLOR, of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, in the time allotted to me as I do, I think that gem city, that ambitious, growing city situated ii will be impossible to say anything in relation to the provisions of upon the banks of Lake Michigan, with all of its beautiful parks, a city these bills; and I will therefore address myself to the question of where accessible by railroads to every village and hamlet in the land, a city this fair should be held. A fair is held largely to educate the people. unsurpassed in commercial activity and business prosperity, is the place A great empire has grown up west of the Alleghany Mountains in the to be designated for the world's fáir. [Applause.] last century that the people of New York seem to know but little about; I, like other speakers, have no unkind word to speak of other comand I desire that this fair shall be held in the West for the purpose of peting cities, and yet perhaps it is well for us as Americans, when proeducating the people of New York to a knowledge of this great empire. viding for a great American exposition, to look at the facts and con[Laughter and applause.] For the last half century this great empire siderations that naturally suggest themselves when contemplating the has furnished the cow and the grass and the corn, and New York has selection of this site. I have in my hand Wilson's Business Directory done the milking. This empire now desires to do some of the milk- of New York City, printed in 1888, and on running over the list of ing herself; and by the noise from New York I should judge that they names of hotels in the city of New York I find in that great city such realize there that the weaning time has come. (Laughter.] names as the Aberdeen, the Abingdon, Buckingham, the Bull's Head, But, Mr. Speaker, when I rose I did not intend to say anything de- the Burlingame, the Carlton, the Hotel Bartholdi, the Hotel Bristol, rogatory to any of these great cities. They are all worthy of a fair, Hotel Brunswick, Hotel Devonshire, the Hotel Hungaria, Hotel Royal, and my great regret is that we can not locate one in each of them. the St. George, the Shelburne, the Vendome, St. Cloud, St. Denis, All fair-minded men will admit that New York has many things to St. James, Victoria, Wellington, Gladstone, and the Hotel Westmincommend her as a place for this exhibition, and as for this beautiful ster, but I fail, Mr. Speaker, to find that a single one of these hotels city of Washington, I do not find it in my heart to say aught against in that great metropolitan city has been named in honor of one who her. She is a magnificent city. St. Louis is our neighbor, and if the was first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countryfair is to be located there her people will do all that can be done to men. [Loud applause. ] make it a success. I fail to find a single hotel in that great city named in honor of this But after you have counted the advantages of all these cities I invite beautiful Capital city of our nation. I find Westminster, St. James, you to go with me to the phenomenal city washed by the waters of Lake St. Cloud, St. Denis, and so on, all remembered and honored, but Michigan. I say phenomenal because there has never been in the his- none to commemorate the names and achievements of American statestory of the world another city of twice her age with over a million in- men and the soldiers of America that we delight to honor. General habitants. She is younger than many of the members of this House. Grant, who accepted the surrender of the great chieftain of the ConGo with me and look at that city carefully, at her great hotels, her federate forces at Appomattox, is not remembered; General Sherman, great railroads, her sites for this fair in every quarter of the city, and I who led the boys from Atlanta to the sea, is forgotten in the list of am satisfied that you will agree with me that she embraces all the ad- names; General Sheridan, who, like a meteor, shot through the Valley vantages of the other three cities together. of Virginia, leading the boys to victory after dishonor and defeat had I agree with my friend from New York that this fair should be held been secured, as was confidently believed by the Confederates, he whom amidst a dense population and in a great agricultural country. Let us we delight to honor as “Little Phil. Sheridan," is not remembered, see how Chicago is situated in that respect. She has a million inhabit- or named there [applause]; and so, Mr. Speaker, I could continue thé ants. She is surrounded by large cities, towns, and villages. She is list, and I fail to find that any of our statesmen, our soldiers, our beaulocated in one of the richest agricultural counties in the world, which tiful cities, or our great States are remembered or named. is dotted all over with farms in a high state of cultivation and inhab- But, on the other hand, the statesmen of Europe, the heroes of ited by prosperous and intelligent farmers who have time and money Europe, the rulers of Europe, are commemorated and honored in the and will to join and make this fair a grand one. names to be found there, and we are invited to pay them homage. I The country tributary to her and lying within twelve hours' ride of believe as an American Congress, I believe as representing American the city—Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, constituencies, we should send the world's fair to an American city. Page 8
say might remain unsaid. If anything can be added to what has been If anything can be added to what has been the land of freemen and freedom, of equal rights and untrammeled said within the last year in the public prints, in public assemblies, in personal convictions, in her municipality, in the preservation of the the public thoroughfares, before the committees of the House and the heroic deed of which all are the beneficiaries; to walk in her beautiSenate, and upon this floor, I have not been able to think of it, and I ful parks, ornamented by the greatest sculptors' art, the monuments may be obliged to repeat some things. Of course, if anything remains erected by her citizens' liberality to Alexander von Humboldt, Chrisunsaid which might have been said, I claim it for the city of St. Louis, topher Columbus, William Shakespeare, and U. S. Grant; to ride over whose merits distance those of any other city, and put her so far in her spacious and well-paved boulevards, and rest with ease, quiet, and the van as to entitle her to the surfeit. comfort in her luxurious hostelries. [Prolonged applause.] In the discussion, Mr. Speaker, of the site for the world's fair, I had She would bid you and all the world, men, women, and children, noi intended saying anything in disparagement of any other city, but old and young, to a nursery of virtue, instead of a morass of vice. She there seems to be a disposition on the part of some in this contest to invites the living statesmen to the homes of Benton, Bates, and Blair, covertly and covetously belittle the great interoceanic city of my home. statesmen now departed. In St. Louis, in the heart of the Union, All fools have still an itching to deride, where this nation's power is fast centering, in the great valley of the And fain would be upon the laughing side. Mississippi, explored by De Soto, surrounded by the history and traThe place, Mr. Speaker, for this proposed commemoration is to be ditions of France, Spain, and the Indian, is the fittest spot for the celechosen, I apprehend, upon sound reasons and to promote the ends bration of the achievement which has invested the name of Columbus sought to be compassed. If it is intended to select a place for the with imperishable renown, if the glory of the whole country is to be missionary work of enlightenment, which was alluded to by the gentle considered. [Loud applause.] man from Illinois (Mr. TAYLOR], I would plead earnestly and sincerely, Mr. Speaker, I yield ten minutes of my time to my colleague, Mr. now and at all times, for the city of Chicago, whose people, Mr. Speaker, | NIEDRINGHAUS. learn their art from magic-lantern reproductions, their history from Mr. NIEDRINGHAUS. Mr. Speaker, I notice that my colleagues cycloramas and panoramas, their sculpture from cemeterial monu- are all very much pleased to have me rise for the first time to address ments, and their politics from criminal calendars and trials. [Laugh- this body. I assure you it is not without hesitancy that I do rise to ter.] speak on so important and vast a subject, and I fear that long before The original conception, however, of this celebration emanated some I shall have done the subject justice my stock of oratory will have been five years ago in a series of articles published in my city. The thought exhausted. [Laughter.] was one of pure sentiment and of unselfish and patriotic feeling. It I stand before you to-day, Mr. Speaker, in the attitude of a disinwas to commemorate in a fitting manner the discovery of the New terested citizen, who is interested in all the cities that are contesting World by Christopher Columbus. The World's Fair Committee have for the site of the world's fair. embodied in the bills before the House what they believe to be a suit- St. Louis has been my home for thirty-five years, where I have found able way to carry out this idea, which, I repeat, first saw the light of a wife and raised a family, and a large one at that [laughter], and day in the publications I have just referred to. where, under the liberality of its business men and bankers, I have I regret to say, however, Mr. Speaker, that the original thought has been enabled to start and carry on a business that is not equaled anyalmost entirely disappeared under the débris. The sentiment is dis- where. [Laughter and applause.] But I am equally interested in placed by sordid considerations, the patriotism by political machina- the city of Chicago. I count among its business men some of my very tions. In a matter of this character, primarily and substantively an best friends. I have business interests in that city. The same is true historic one, I want no political party, Democratic or Republican, city, of the city of New York; and I must say that I have been honored by State, or national committee-man, or party manager, to locate the site New York by being called upon to contribute to the world's fair fund for this great historic event according to what he thinks is proper and of that city. [Laughter.] accordant. A MEMBER. Have you responded ? The history of a country, gentlemen, is not made by a political party, Mr. NIEDRINGHAUS. I have not done so yet, but I suppose I nor indeed by all political parties alone, though the progress of its shall have to. people owes much to the established character of its form of govern- Now, my interest in the city of Washington is, Mr. Speaker, of a ment. The political aspect of this matter is not confined to the city loftier nature. It is from the standpoint of a patriot and a statesman. a of New York. Chicago vies with the city of New York in this dis- (Laughter.] As the Democratic press of my locality is pleased to keep tinction and supplements it by an aspect distinctively mercantile. An my interests constantly before my city and State, it has seen fit to recexamination of the bills referred to the World's Fair Committee dis-ommend me for almost any office except that of President of the United closes the fact that Chicago alone declined to name her incorporators States (laughter], and which, as they well know, I would not accept. in the bill, but required that to be left blank in order that the governor And in order to make my second term doubly sure, they have of late of the State of Illinois might designate the incorporators. assured my people that there was no danger of my doing any damage St. Louis, Mr. Speaker, offers the advantages of location. She is situ- either in committee or on the floor. [Laughter and applause.] My ated geographically so as to be accessible to the largest number of peo- own party, Mr. Speaker, I am sorry to say, has not discovered any of ple of this country and of the countries of this continent south of us, these characteristics. Mexico and the Americas. In the way of exhibits of our wonderful But, sir, I am not here to represent my own interests. I am here in progress she is nearer to a greater variety of them than any other city, company with my colleagues, Mr. FRANK (who has so generously exand as to foreign exhibits, of which so much has been said, they can tended to me privately all the time I may want) and Mr. KINSEY, to be brought through the jetties and bandled at the docks of New Orleans represent and to present to you, gentlemen, the city of St. Louis as more conveniently and brought to St. Louis with less confusion than above all other cities the place where the world's fair should be located. at 1!0 port of New York. And I am pleased to say that the Representatives from the State are There has been, in respect to local advantages, no unseemly rivalry heartily co-operating with us. I trust that before I get through with in the hearts of the people of the city of St. Louis when locating the this effort-for such it is—[laughter] the members of this body will actual site within its confines. It does not require the different loca- be convinced; and I hope they will not dare to appear before their contions in the city of St. Louis spread all over its territorial limits to com- stituents for re-election this fall unless they vote for the city of St. pass this great work. We have at least half a dozen sites that can com- Louis. (Laughter and applause.] That choice being made, as I have prehend it, without distributing it over the city and without in any no doubt it will be, by an overwhelming majority, I hope some genway interfering with the symmetry of the exhibition. tleman from the city of Chicago will be generous enough to move that Possessing in an eminent degree the power to carry out the require it be made unanimous. ments of the bill under consideration, able and willing to live up to its Much has been said and still more written [laughter], and, there beprovisions in good faith, she asks you in a spirit of a lofty ambition to ingno strangers here, I may as well state I had also written a speech, but place in her care under the guardianship of the National Government it is lying moldering in my drawer [laughter). There were only five this celebration. Her hospitality is famous the world over, her liber- minutes accorded me, and I did not know that I could do a great deal in ality is unquestioned, her honesty unsullied, her health-producing and that time; I consequently thought it best for me to rely on the moving of health-preserving climate unparalleled. the spirit. [Laughter.] Much has been said and more written to show She comes to you in no spirit of political rivalry; she does not want that this fair ought to be located on the Atlantic coast, in the interest this fair to gain a political advantage. She comes to you with words of of European visitors and exhibitors. I have understood the citizens of import much like those of Isabella when she recalled to her presence this country have expended $60,000,000 in visiting the fair at Paris. the wandering, disheartened, and discouraged navigator, and said: “I Still others are carrying over bodily their millions earned under our will assume the undertaking for my own crown of Castile, and am more liberal institutions. And that is not enough; very often they ready to pawn my own jewels to defray the expenses." throw in their daughters. [Laughter.] My country, 'tis of thee, [Here the hammer fell.] Sweet land of liberty, Mr. FRANK. I extend to the gentleman five minutes more. Of thee I sing. Mr. NIEDRINGHAUS. Five minutes, I am afraid, will not do me Cosmopolitan as is St. Louis, inhabited by people from every clime, any good. orderly, law-abiding, and loyal at all times, proud of their fatherland As I was saying, these Americans abroad, besides taking there their and respectful of their former allegiances, once a part of the Spanish millions, have thrown in their daughters, with very little in return, Empire, she beseeches you to let the nations of the earth participate, in except, perhaps, a defunct lord, duke, or baron. Now, Mr. Speaker Page 9
A bill (H. R. 7159) for the relief of the Sioux Indians at Devil's copy of statements and findings in the cases of Herman L. Rontzohn, Lake agency, North Dakota; and administrator of John Rontzohn, vs. The United States, and of Leonard Joint resolution (S. R. 37) for the removal of obstructions to naviga- Emmet vs. The United States—to the Committee on War Claims. tion in the Missouri River. SURVEY AT DULUTH, MINN. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter from By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. ARNOLD, the Chief of Engineers, report of the examination and survey of propfor one week, on account of important business. erty recently donated to the United States by the city of Duluth, Minn. ORDER OF BUSINESS. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Under the rule, the following reports were filed and referred as fol. FLAGS CARRIED BY COLORADO REGIMENTS. to what I am about to say. Some gentlemen inform me that the gen- Mr. LANSING, from the Committee on Military Affairs, reported tleman from Mississippi said that I knew I had put in the wrong bill. back favorably the bill (H. R. 4553) to authorize the Secretary of War Mr. HOOKER. You knew that you were putting in the Craven to deliver to the State of Colorado the flags carried by Colorado regibill. You ought to have known what bill you put into the RECORD. ments; which was referred to the House Calendar, and, with the acMr. SPRINGER. But did you state that I knew that I had put in companying report, ordered to be printed. the wrong bill? Mr. HOOKER. I believe you knew you were putting in Mr. Cra UNITED STATES COURTS, SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA. ven's bill. I had nothing to do Mr. REED, of Iowa, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported Mr. SPRINGER. I am informed by gentlemen near me that you back favorably the bill (H. R. 75) to fix the regular terms of the cirstated that I knew I had put in the wrong bill. Does the gentleman cuit and district courts of the southern district of Alabama; which was state that? referred to the House Calendar, and, with the accompanying report, Mr. HOOKER. You have put in the Craven bill instead of the other ordered to be printed. bill, and it was the very bill you ought to have known that I had never EXCHANGE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. supported. Mr. THOMPSON, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, reported Mr. SPRINGER. I know you stated thai; but did you state that I back favorably the joint resolution (S. R. 49) to carry into effect the knew I put in the wrong bill? provisions of the convention between the United States of America, Mr. HOOKER. I say that you know I was never in favor of the Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, Servia, and Spain, concluded March Craven bill; and I say that Craven never was on the Indian Committee. 15, 1886, and ratified July 19, 1888; which was referred to the Com Mr. SPRINGER. That is not the point. If the record shows that mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, and, with the acthe gentleman made that statement, I want to state emphatically that companying report, ordered to be printed. it is not true. I put that hill in in good faith, supposing it was the WASHINGTON L. PARVIN. right bill. Mr. HOOKER. Then in good faith and carrying it out, you ought Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee on War Claims, reported back to put in the right bill. favorably the bill (H. R. 4376) for the relief of Washington L. Parvin Mr. SPRINGER. I have said that I intend to do that. and Henry A. Greene; which was referred to the Committee of the whole House, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. Mr. LEE. I ask unanimous consent to introduce the following reso FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF CARTERSVILLE, GA. lution for immediate consideration, Mr. THOMAS also, from the Committee on War Claims, reported back, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. LEE] asks leave as a substitute for the bill (H. R. 3452) for the relief of the First Baptist to introduce the following resolution, which the Clerk will read, after Church of Cartersville, Ga., a bill (H. R. 7256) for the relief of the First which the Chair will ask for objection. Baptist Church of Cartersville, Ga.; which substitute was read a first The Clerk read as follows: and second time, and, with the accompanying report, referred to the Resolved, That the Attorney-General of the United States be, and he is hereby, | Committee of the Whole House, and ordered to be printed. requested to inform the House of Representatives what steps, if any, have been PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, MARIETTA, GA. taken to protect the interest of the United States in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, and, if none has been taken, to advise the House of Represents Mr. THOMAS also, from the Committee on War Claims, reported back atives if any legislation is necessary to protect the United States in said canal with amendment the bill (H. R. 3451) for the relief of the trustees of company. the Presbyterian Church in Marietta, Ga.; which was referred to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of Committee of the Whole House, and, with the accompanying report, the resolution ? ordered to be printed. Mr., CANDLER, of Massachusetts. I ohject, and I move that the House do now adjourn. CATHOLIC CHURCH AT DALTON, GA. Mr. LEE. I hope the gentleman from Massachusetts will not object. Mr. THOMAS also, from the Committee on War Claims, reported back Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. The understanding was that the favorably the bill (H. R. 3435) for the relief of the trustees of the Cathdebate should not extend beyond 6 o'clock. olic Church at Dalton, Ga.; which was referred to the Committee of the Mr. SPRINGER. I asked the gentleman from Virginia if he would Whole House, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. not yield to me in order that I might make a personal statement, and GEORGE BROWN. I hope that the gentleman will now allow him to take the floor. Mr. THOMAS also, from the Committee on War Claims, reported back Mr. CANDLER, of Massachusetts. I must insist on the objection. favorably the bill (H. R. 2725) for the allowance of the claim of George Mr. CANDLER's motion to adjourn was then agreed to; and accord- Brown for stores and supplies taken and used by the United States ingly (at 5 o'clock and 48 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. Army, as reported by the Court of Claims under the provisions of the act of March 3, 1887; which was referred to the Committee of the Whole EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. House, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. Under the rule, the following executive communications were taken REDUCING LIFETIME OF PATENTS TO SEVEN YEARS. from the Speaker's table and referred by the Speaker as follows: Mr. CULBERTSON, of Pennsylvania, from the Committee on PatINDIAN SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION. ents, reported back adversely the bill (H. R. 332) to reduce the lifetime A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of a patent to seven years; which was referred to the House Calendar, of deficiency in the appropriation for Indian school transportation for and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. the fiscal year 1890—to the Committee on Appropriations. LETTERS PATENT 173673. Mr. CULBERTSON, of Pennsylvania, also, from the Committee on from the Secretary of the Interior for buildings, walks, and fences at Calendar, and, with the accompanying report, ordered to be printed. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate Patents, reported back adversely the bill (6. R. 861) to extend the terms of letters patent No. 173673; which was referred to the House the Indian school, Carlisle, Pa. -to the Committee on Appropriations. OPINION UPON QUESTIONS OF FACT. DEPREDATION CLAIM OF JONES, RUSSELL & co. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a letter from Judiciary, reported, as a substitute for the bill (H. R. 649) to deprive Mr. HENDERSON, of North Carolina, from the Committee on the the Commissioner of Indian Affairs relating to a depredation claim of the judge in a court of the United States of the authority to give an Jones, Russell & Co.-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. opinion upon questions of fact, a bill (H. R. 7305) to deprive the judge CASES BEFORE THE COURT OF CLAIMS. in a court of the United States of the authority to give an opinion upon A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, transmitting questions of fact; which substitute was read a first and second time, Page 10
signed have held aloof from all factions, but found in Captain McArthur a gen- or two stakes and upon the others put the names of persons who were known tleman of integrity, foresight, and high-minded purpose to discharge all his to them and who were not in the Territory and who were unknown to others. duties to the Government without self-seeking. Many of them put tents upon them, and as fast as teams and men could move Your telegrams have been promptly answered. The delays were not ours, them these shanty houses were crowded onto these lots. In this way nearly all but caused by inefficient telegraph facilities. We have carried out your instruc- the valuable lots were obtained by these bands of law violators. One ex-memutions in letter and in spirit. ber of Congress staked one lot which he afterwards sold for $500, and then went The hundred and one duties performed to make matters a success here can to and set up a tent on his homestead, being there two minutes after 12, but benot be detailed in any report. We were consulted upon all sorts of questions fore he got to the land office another filed on the land and finally took it, by the citizens, and gave our aid, in connection with the commandant of the Some took, we think, not less than twenty lots, and others in proportion. post, wherever it would benefit the general public or tend to promote public When the settlers from the outside arrived none but inferior or badly located lots peace and security. were left. Our telegrams touching the quiet, orderly, and law-abiding spirit of this people were accurately true, and we repeat those reports. The people know that Mr. President, there were thousands and tens of thousands of law, whatever fraud or unfairness may have been practiced the Government is not abiding people all over the United States who believed that the law a party to it, and they have full confidence that complete justice will be done them in due time. The list of entries made by officials and their friends does would be enforced. They believed that when Congress stated that no not include town lots, of which no record is kept. man should enter prior to the 22d of April, 1889, Congress meant what As a matter of fact we know that deputies of all kinds hold town sites which it said. They believed, when the President of the United States issued they are not fairly entitled to, and which were obtained by violating the President's proclamation. This report should have been gotten up in better form, his proclamation and said that if any individual entered that territory but we write under difficulties, and will supplement it if necessary. We had to prior to that time he would never receive any of this land, that the go slow in our investigations and win the confidence of the people who did not Congress of the United States would see that the law and the Presistand in' with official grabbing. Respectfully submitted. dent's proclamation were carried out. CORNELIUS MACBRIDE, But in the face of these law-abiding citizens, these poor people who J. A. PICKLER, had no chance whatever to violate the law if they had so desired, these three hundred, under the pretense of being deputy marshals and of Mr. BERRY. Mr. President, that report requires no comment. That having contracts to work on railroads, and various devices and frauds, report from these officers, which, as I understand, is not disputed, shows did enter that territory and in connection with these officers, as that that the receiver, Mr. Barnes, had lived at Forth Smith; that' a man report shows, were enabled thereby to take the best land in Guthrie named Cohn, who was an intimate friend of his; that another, Judge and in Oklahoma City, and various other cities of that territory. Huckleberry, who was also a friend of his; that another man named But in addition to the report which has been read by the Secretary, Turner, who was also a friend of the receiver—that these parties were which is official in its character, Mr. MacBride, who was an officer of appointed deputy marshals; that under the pretext of being deputy the Interior Department and who has been dismissed since, has been marshals they were allowed to enter that territory before the 22d of recently interviewed by a reporter of the New York World, and in adApril, 1889; that in addition to this, Col. William H. H. Clayton, of Fort dition to the statement made in that report he makes a statement which Smith, a lawyer of prominence and ability, who had, prior to that time, I will ask the Secretary to read. for ten or twelve years, been United States district attorney and has The Chief Clerk read as follows: since that time been nominated for district attorney by the President MACBRIDE'S UNOFFICIAL STATEMENT. of the United States, which nomination is now pending before the Com-lagenttinten in Guthrie long before I discovered that it was not bloodshed, "I on the first train,” mittee on the Judiciary–he also, upon the recommendation of the re- but rascality, which the Department had to fear. I found that John I. Dille, the “I had ceiver, Barnes, was appointed by Marshal Needles as a deputy marshal land register, and C. M. Barnes, the receiver, had contrived to allow their friends of the United States; that these deputy marshals permitted Cohn, who and relatives to come into the Territory before they had any right and enter was standing at the door at the hour of noon, to enter, keeping other reference to the report. No one said, 'If you report the facts in this case you the choicest land. Powerful political influence was brought to bear on us in parties back; one gentleman named Dyer, I think, was kept back; that will lose your position, but the effort was more indirect than that. I can't say Cohn did enter, and that thereupon he and Dille, who was a half-brother that my report had anything to do with my discontinuance with the public of the register, in his own name and the name of his brother and some ceased by law. service. I do know that the appropriation for my office was exhausted and it other parties, located eleven hundred and odd acres of land lying in and “I was in the Territory six weeks when I found that John I. Dille, the around the town of Guthrie. land register, and C. M. Barnes, the land receiver, had connived to allow illeIt is true that this does not show that they located on town lots, be- gal filing of claims. General W. H. Clayton and Barnes were fellow-townsmen. Clayton, under the guise of a deputy United States marshal, went to Guthrie cause the reports of the inspectors show no record was kept of them, but on Saturday before the opening on Monday, and on Sunday he surveyed the that these deputy marshals did locate on some town lots in the town section of land laid out for the town site of Guthrie and made a plat. Mark S. of Guthrie there can be no doubt; and, in addition, that Colonel Clayton, had any right to be, and by the grace of Land Receiver Barnes. Jehu E. Dille, Cohn was selected to enter this plat. He, too, was in the Territory before lie who had gone in as a deputy marshal of the United States the Sunday a brother of the land register, Dille, was also on the ground before the opening, previous in the 22d, had prepared a plot of the town of Guthrie, and this and by the grace of his brother's official position Dille and Cohn were selected man Cohn, who was his friend and the friend of Barnes, from Fort Smith, from several persons, including soldiers, to enter. to make the first entries. They prepared themselves with power of attorney when he was permitted to enter that office in connection with the "By the request of Register Dille and Receiver Barnes, these men were apbrother of the register and take eleven hundred and odd acres of that pointed deputy United States marshals to guard the door of the onlice on the land, also filed his plot, prepared by Mr. Clayton on the Sunday pre- Barnes. It was understood that Dille and Cohn were to be allowed to enter morning of the opening. These three men were personally known to Dille and vious, and afterwards various lots were located by these parties and their the door first. Dille and Cohn sat on the steps of the land office, waiting for the friends, is charged by many citizens. hour of 12 to come, so that they could enter their lands. D.P. Dyer, of this city, I say that the official report, coming from Republican sources, tends pected to be the first man to make an entry. He, too, was at the door, ready to who went into the Territory as a Wells-Fargo Express Company's agent, exto show that these officers, Barnes, the land receiver, and Dille, the land enter, and in reality would have been the first man had it not been for the preregister, confederated with these parties to violate the law, permitted concerted plans to have Dille and Cohn enter first. them to enter contrary to the provisions of law and the provisions of and permitted Dille and Cohn to go in. When they finisired entering they had "When the door was opened these three deputy marshals shoved Dyer aside the proclamation of the President of the United States; and now it is filed for every section of land which touched the section set apart for Guthrie, proposed by this Senate bill that if any of these parties received a but one of which was held by a lawyer named Walton, a brother to Senator certificate thereof from the authorities of the town which they or Walton, of Colorado. This filing also included Clayton's plat of Guthrie. When I finished my report I recommended the removal from office of Land Regganized it shall be held as prima facie evidence where there is contest, ister Dille, Receiver Barnes, and United States Marshal Jones, of Kansas. Jones and absolute evidence where there is no contest. is the only man who has been removed up to the present time. In his talk with As to the manner of settling Oklahoma City I present a statement | diana Republican central committee and personally acquainted with President me Dille always impressed upon me that he was formerly secretary of the Inprepared by citizens of Oklahoma City: Harrison. THEY ONLY FIRED THE DEMOCRAT, On April 19, 1889, there was formed at Topeka, Kans., a corporation named “The Seminole Town-Site and Improvement Company;" directors, J. C. Will- "Secretary Noble had a talk with President Harrison on this same matter and son and L. H. Crandall, Topeka, and J. A. Hudson, Sidney Clarke, ex-member I fully expected to see both men removed, but they still held on. Marshal of Congress, and W. L. Couch, old boomer, all afterward of Oklahoma City. Jones, a Democrat, was the only officer removed on the strength of my report, Its objects were to locate towns and sell the lots, construct street railways, elec- but that was not my fault. My report on Dille and Barnes was stronger tric and gas lights, water-works, canals, and ditches, and operate them. (For than on Jones. There was any quantity of fraud in opening Oklahoma. Those copy of their articles of association see Exhibit 1, hereafter set out.) To get who were most to blame are men who shoull be above dishonest acts. The into the Oklahoma lands in advance of time W.L. Couch procured a contract to people will get their just dues if this investigation is not smothered and if the build a switch at Oklahoma station for the railroad, and got in with him, by one amendment is adopted in the House which invalidates the title to all lands enmeans or another, nearly five hundred men. Among those were two ex-mem- tered by persons illegally in the Territory before time or titles coming from bers of Congress. On the side-tracks at that station a company had a large them." number of houses, horses, wagons, and men to move them—this on the evening before the opening. To better enable them to succeed, persons went to points Mr. BERRY. That is the interview purporting to come from this outside of the Oklahoma lands, where crowds of settlers were gathered, and man, who was an officer of the United States. As I said before, I do urged them, as they valued and prized their future homes, not to enter the lands not bring this forward for the purpose of making an attack on Colonel This Seminole corporation was there with the city plats and had the business place as an appointment there that it was not accepted for the emolu- Page 11
clain the claim is bound to be considered. The certificate only gives The joint resolution was reported from the Committee on Military a man Affairs with an amendment to strike out all after the enacting clause Mr. BERRY. He can make no adverse claim without occupancy. and insert: Mr. PLUMB. He can go and occupy. That the distinctive badges adopted by military societies of men who served Mr. BERRY. If he should undertake to occupy and a breach of the in the armies and navies of the United States in the war of the Revolution, the peace should occur, the Senator from Kansas would say, “There is the war of 1812, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion, respectively, may be worn upon all occasions of ceremony by officers and enlisted men of the lawless element from Arkansas going to raise a row." He can not oc- Army and Navy of the United States who are members of said organizations cupy without getting into a fight, for even if the party who now occu- in their own right. pies entered contrary to law he will hold it with his shotgun, and the The amendment was agreed to. Senator knows it. The joint resolution was reported to the Senate as amended, and the Mr. VEST. Mr. President amendment was concurred in. Mr. HARRIS. I wish to suggest to the Senator from Missouri that The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, it is obvious that this bill can not be considered under the five-minute read the third time, and passed. rule under which we are proceeding. The Senator from South Caro- The title was amended so as to read: "A joint resolution granting lina [Mr. BUTLER] has given notice that upon the conclusion of the re- permission to officers and enlisted men of the Army and Navy of the marks of the Senator from Kansas he would object to the further con- United States to wear the badges adopted by military societies of men sideration of the bill, which would carry it over. who served in the war of the Revolution, the war of 1812, the Mexican Mr. PLUMB. Let the Senator from Missouri propose his amend- war, and the war of the rebellion." ment, so as to have the whole case before the Senate. J. A. TOWLE. Mr. HARRIS. Let the Senator propose his amendment and let it The bill (S. 747) for the relief of J. A. Towle was considered as in Combe printed, and then let the bill go over. Mr. VEŠT. That is exactly what I propose. I want to conciliate mittee of the Whole. It provides for paying to J. A. Towle, late postthese raging factions, if I can, and do justice to all parties. I propose resulting from the theft of three registered letters from his safe by burg master at Williamsburgh, Kans., $125.82, to reimburse him for losses this amendment to the second section of the Senate bill; it will meet my views, but I do not know whether it will meet anybody else's or not: lars who entered the post-office on the night of November 8, 1882. And provided also, That the claim for a town site or any part thereof on to any be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to lot therein, if made by a United States marshal, deputy marshal, or other officer or agent of the United States, or any person claiming to be such who was in MRS. E. TRASK. said Territory prior to the time fixed for the entering thereof by the proclamation of the President, shall be deemed and held invalid. The bill (S. 739) for the relief of Mrs. E. Trask was considered as in Mr. PLUMB. If the Senator thinks that Congress is here to try the Committee of the Whole. It proposes to pay to Mrs. E. Trask, late rights of persons under the law passed a year ago, that amendment postmaster at Emporia, Kans., $243, to reimburse her for losses resultwould be proper. ing from the theft of five registered letters by burglars, who entered the Mr. VEŠT. The Senate bill tries it as much as this amendment does, post-office on the night of October 5, 1871. because it says that occupancy shall be conclusive in a certain case and The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to in another case prima facie only. be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Mr. PLUMB. Only in a case where there is no controversy. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Mr. VEST. Prima facie, Every lawyer knows what that is. It The bill (S. 491) to amend sections 2474 and 2475 of the Revised throws the burden of proof on the other party. Statutes of the United States, setting apart a certain tract of land lying Mr. PLUMB. That only gives to the holder the opportunity which near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River as a public park was every other holder of a certificate has. considered as in Committee of the Whole. Mr. VEST. That is not the point. The Senator from Kansas should The bill was reported from the Committee on Territories with amendbe logical. He attacks this amendment because he says it is an adjudi- ments. cation. Now, what does he do in the second section of his bill but The first amendment was, in section 1, line 10, after the word "south," throw the burden of proof on one party by adjudication, if it can be to strike out the words "five miles” and insert the words “to the pardone by legislative enactment? allel of forty-four degrees fifty minutes,' and in line 11, after the word Mr. PLŪMB. Is not that the same kind of adjudication? You say "east,” to insert the words “along said parallel;" so as to make the that no man should have a right there at all. section read: Mr. VEST. The Congress of the United States, without constitut That the boundaries of the Yellowstone National Park, as now fixed by secing itself a judicial tribunal, can say, and has the absolute right to tion 2474 of the Revised Statutes, shall hereafter be as follows: Beginning at a say, in regard to a territory like Oklahoma, to the land officers there, point on the forty-fifth parallel of north latitude where said parallel is interthat when certain things have been done by certain people they shall be to its point of intersection with the meridian of 110° west longitude; thence due sected by the western boundary of the Territory of Wyoming; thence due east invalid. It has a right to say that its own officers shall not avail them- south to the parallel of 44° 50'; thence due east along said parallel to the meridselves of their official presence in order to get land away from other ian of 109° 30' west longitude; thence due south along said meridian to the people in this Territory. forty-fourth parallel of north latitude; thence due west along said parallel to its point of intersection with the west boundary of the Territory of Wyoming; Mr. PLUMB. Suppose they were there legally. thence due north along said boundary line to the place of beginning; and it Mr. VEST. It makes no difference. I say Congress should not per- shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Interior to cause an accurate survey to mit its officers to use their official presence in order to have an advan be made of the boundary lines of said park as established by this act, said sur vey to be recorded in the offices of the Surveyor-General and Commissioner of tage in getting land. I am perfectly willing to recognize these certifi- the General Land Office of the United States, as provided by law. cates of town sites to everybody except these officers, and we know The amendment was agreed to. absolutely, if human evidence is worth anything, that men obtained The next amendment was, in section 4, line 18, after the word "and," these appointments in order to get hold of these town lots and did it. to strike out "to" and insert "the Secretary of the Interior may;' so Mr. HARRIS. I object to the further consideration of the bill. as to read: Mr. PLUMB. I wish to ask the Senator from Missouri, suppose It shall also be the duty of the officer in command of such troops to act as these officers went in after the 22d day of April, would the mere fact superintendent of the park under the instructions of the Secretary of the Inthat they were United States marshals work this inhibition ? terior, and the Secretary of the Interior may employ not exceeding five persons Mr. VEST. This amendment does not contemplate that. It says | familiar with the roads and trails. from civil life to act as policemen and scouts within the park, who shall be if they were there prior to the 22d of April. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HALE in the chair). The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. HARRIS] Objects to the further consideration of line 6, to insert the words "such structures to be approved by the Sec The next amendment was, in section 6, after the word "public,” in the bill. Mr. PLUMB. I give notice that at the close of morning business retary of the Interior;" so as to read: That the Secretary of the Interior may lease small portions of ground in the park, not exceeding 10 acres in extent for each tract, for a period not exceeding by the Senate. twenty years, to any one person or company at any one locality, on which may Mír. VEST. I should like an order to be made for the printing of be erected hotels and out-houses and such other buildings as he may deem necthe amendment I have offered, before the bill goes over. essary for the use of the public, such structures to be approved by the Secretary of the Interior; but such lease shall not include any of the geysers or other obThe PRESIDING OFFICER, The amendment of the Senator from jects of curiosity or interest in said park, or exclude the public from the free and Missouri will be printed and considered as pending. convenient approach thereto, or include any ground within one-eighth of a mile of any of the geysers, the Yellowstone Falls, the Grand Cañon of the YellowWEARING OF BADGES. stone River, or the Mammoth Hot Spring, etc. The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole proceeded to consider the The amendment was agreed to. joint resolution (S. R. 6) granting permission to officers and enlisted Mr. MANDERSON. Those constitute all the committee amendmen of the Army of the United States, members of the Society of the ments. The word "constructed” on page 9, section 7, line 36, should Cincinnati, the Aztec Society, the National Association of Veterans of be “construed”-a printer's blunder. the Mexican War, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. The correction will be made. States, and of the Grand Army of the Republic, to wear the badges The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments adopted by those orders. Page 12
the city of Zanesville, Ohio was considered as in Committee of the accompanied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken by or subWhole. mitted to them, in like manner as hereinbefore provided in regard to the pro ceedings of said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and Treasury shall thereupon finally determine the location of the building to be Grounds with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause erected. and insert: - The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury, but the same shall not exceed $6 per day and actual traveling exThat the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and di penses: Provided, however, That the member of said commission appointed from rected to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site, and cause The Treasury Department shall be paid only his actual traveling expenses. to be erected thereon, a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to defray the and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accom- expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling expenses of said agent, modation of the United States post-office and other Government offices, in the and the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commissioners, city of Zanesville and State of Ohio, the cost of said site and building, including , and other expenses incident to the selection of a site, and for necessary survey said vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, com- thereof, shall be immediately available. plete, not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 is hereby ap- So much of said appropriation as may be necessary for the preparation of propriated for said purpose, out of any moneys in the United States Treasury sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building not otherwise appropriated. by the supervising architect of the Treasury Department shall be available imProposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public mediately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. advertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circula- No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbefore tion for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement provided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the for the opening of said proposals. United States, nor until the State of Kansas shall have ceded to the United States Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and exclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States shall be mailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed or remain the owner thereof, for all purposes except the administration of the sites, and such-others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written report After the said site shall have been paid for and the sketch-plans and detailed to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recommendation estimates for the building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Archithereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by the original tect and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Interior, proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have come into his and the Postmaster-General, the balance of said appropriation shall be available possession relating to the said proposed sites. for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof vaults, heatIf, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary ing and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a The building shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open space of at commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of least 40 feet on each side, including streets and alleys. the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said proposed sites and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate, and The amendment was agreed to. grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment commission shall; within thirty days after such examination, make to the Secretary of the Treasury written report of their conclusion in the premises, accom was concurred in. panied by all statements and maps, plats, or documents taken by or submitted The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the to them, in like manner as hereinbefore provided in regard to the proceedings third time, and passed. of said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall thereupon finally determine the location of the building to be erected. PUBLIC BUILDING AT DANBURY, CONN. The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury, but the same shall not exceed $6 per day and actual traveling ex- The bill (S. 233) for the erection of a public building at Danbury, penses: Provided, however, That the member of said commission appointed from the Treasury Department shall be paid only his actual traveling expenses. Conn, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to defray the The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and expenses of advertising for proposals. actual traveling expenses of said agent, and Grounds with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commissioners, and other expenses incident to the selection of the site, and for necessary survey and insert: thereof, shall be immediately available. That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and So much of said appropriation as may be necessary for the preparation of directed to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site, and cause sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building by to be erected thereon a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department shall be available imme and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accommodiately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. dation of the United States post-office and other Government offices, in the city No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbefore of Danbury and State of Connecticut, the cost of said site and building, includprovided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the ing said vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, United States, nor until the State of Ohio shall have ceded to the United States complete, not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 is hereexclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States shall be by appropriated for said purpose, out of any moneys in the United States Treasor remain the owner thereof, for all purposes except the administration of the ury not otherwise appropriated. criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. Proposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public After the said site shall have been paid for and the sketch-plans and detailed advertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circulaestimates for the building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Archi- tion for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement for tect and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the In- the opening of said proposals. terior, and the Postmaster-General, the balance of said appropriation shall be Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and available for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof mailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. sites, and such others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in The building shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open space of at person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written releast 40 feet on each side, including streets and alleys. port to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recom mendation thereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by The amendment was agreed to. the original proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment come into his possession relating to the said proposed sites. was concurred in. If, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of third time, and passed. the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said pre posed sites, and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate, and PUBLIC BUILDING AT EMPORIA, KANS. grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said The bill (S. 593) for the erection of a public building at Emporia, retary of the Treasury written report of their conclusion in the premises, ac commission shall, within thirty days after such examination, make to the SecKans. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. companied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken by or submitted The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and to them, in like manner as herein before provided in regard to the proceedings of said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the Treasury Grounds with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause shall thereupon finally determine the location of the building to be erected. and insert: The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of the That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and di Treasury, but the same shall not exceed $6 per day and actual traveling exrected to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site, and cause to penses : Provided, however, That the member of said commission appointed from the Treasury Department shall be paid only his actual traveling expenses. be erected thereon a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accommoda So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to defray the. tion of the United States post-office and other Government offices, in the city of expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling expenses of said agent, Emporia and State of Kansas, the cost of said site and building, including said and the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commissioners, and vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches complete, other expenses incident to the selection of the site, and for necessary survey thereof, shall be immediately available. not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 is hereby appropriated for said purpose, out of any moneys in the United States Treasury not other So much of said appropriation as may be necessary for the preparation of wise appropriated. sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building Proposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public mediately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department shall be available imadvertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circulation for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement provided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbefore for the opening of said proposals. Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and States exclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States United States, nor until tlie State of Connecticut shall have ceded to the United mailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed shall be or remain the owner thereof, for all purposes except the administration sites, and such others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written re of the criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. After the said site shall have been paid for and the sketch-plans and detailed port to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recommen estimates for the building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Archidation thereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by the original proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have come tect and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Inteinto his possession relating to the said proposed sites. tior, and the Postmaster-General, the balance of said appropriation shall be availIf , upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. able for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof vaults of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of The building shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open space of at the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said pro least 10 feet on each side, including streets and alleys. posed sites, and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate, The amendment was agreed to. and grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said commission shall, within thirty days after such examination, make to the The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment Secretary of the Treasury written report of tbeir conclusion in the premises, was concurred in. Page 13
The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the posed sites, and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate; third time, and passed. and grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said commission shall, within thirty days after such examination, make to the PUBLIC BUILDING AT WATERBURY, CONN. Secretary of the Treasury written report of their conclusion in the premises, ac companied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken by or submitted The bill (S. 234) for the erection of a public building at Waterbury, to them, in like manner as herein before provided in regard to the proceedings of Conn. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the Treasury The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and shall thereupon finally determine the location of the building to be erected. The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of Grounds with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause the Treasury, but the same shall not exceed $6 per day and actual traveling exand insert: penses: Provided, however, That the member of said commission appointed from That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and di the Treasury Department shall be paid only his actual traveling expenses. So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to defray the rected to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site, and cause to expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling expenses of said agent, be erected thereon a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating and and the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commissioners, and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accommoda- other expenses incident to the selection of the site, and for necessary survey tion of the United States post-office and other Government offices, in the city of thereof, shall be immediately available. Waterbury and State of Connecticut, the cost of said site and building, includ- So much of said appropriation as may be necessary for the preparation of ing said vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building complete, not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 is hereby by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department shall be available imappropriated for saul purpose, out of any moneys in the United States Treasury mediately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. not otherwise appropriated. No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbcore Proposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public provided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the advertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circula United States, nor until the State of Connecticut shall have ceded to the United tion for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement States exclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States for the opening of said proposals. Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and tion of the criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. shall be or remain the owner thereof,-for all purposes except the administramailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed After the said site shall have been paid for and the sketch-plans and detailed sites, and such others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in estimates for building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Architect person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written re and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Inierior, port to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recommen and the Postmaster-General, the balance of said appropriation shall be available dation thereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by the for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof vaults, heatoriginal proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have come ing and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. into his possession relating to the said proposed sites. If, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary | least 40 feet on each side, including streets and alleys. The building shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open space of at of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of Mr. HAWLEY. There is an error of one letter falling out in line the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said pro It can be corrected without any moposed sites, and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate, and 21, before the word “opening.” grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said tion. commission shall, within thirty days after such examination, make to the Secre- The VICE-PRESIDENT. That correction will be made. The questary of the Treasury written report of their conclusions in the premises, accompanied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken by or submitted to tion is on agreeing to the amendment of the committee. them, in like manner as hereinbefore provided in regard to the proceedings of The amendment was agreed to. said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the Treasury shall The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendthereupon finally determine the location of the building to be erected. The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of the ment was concurred in. the member of said commission appointed from third time, and passed. PUBLIC BUILDING AT YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. the expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling expenses of said agent, and the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commis- The bill (S. 507) to provide for the erection of a public building in sioners and other expenses incident to the selection of the site, and for neces- the city of Youngstown, Ohio was considered as in Committee of the sary survey thereof, shall be immediately available. Whole. So much of said appropriation as may be necessary for the preparation of sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department shall be available Grounds with an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause immediately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. and insert: No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbefore provided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and diUnited States, nor until the State of Connecticut shall have ceded to the United rected to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site and cause to States exclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States be erected thereon a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating and shall be or remain the owner thereof, for all purposes except the administration ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accommodaof the criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. tion of the United States post-office and other Government offices in the city of After the said site shall have been paid for, and the sketch-plans and detailed Youngstown and State of Ohio, the cost of said site and building, including said estimates for the building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Architect | vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, complete, and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Interior, not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 is herely appropriand the Postmaster-General, the balance of said appropriation shall be available ated for said purpose, out of any moneys in the United States Treasury not for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof vaults, heat- otherwise appropriated. ing and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. Proposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public The building shall be unexposed to danger from fire by an open space of at advertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circulaleast 40 feet on each side, including streets and alleys. tion, for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement The amendment was agreed to. for the opening of said proposals. Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendment mailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed was concurred in. sites, and such others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written re port to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recommendathird time, and passed. tion thereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by the origPUBLIC BUILDING AT NEW LONDON, CONN. inal proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have come into his possession relating to the said proposed sites. The bill (S. 977) for the erection of a public building at New Lon- If, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary don, Conn. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of The bill was reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said proGrounds with an amendment to strike out all after the enacting clause posed sites, and such others as the Secretary of the Treasury may designate, and insert: and grant such hearings in relation thereto as they shall deem necessary; and said commission shall, within thirty days after such examination, make to tho That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and di- Secretary of the Treasury written report of their conclusion in the premises, rected to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise, a site, and cause to accompanied by all statements, maps, plats, or documents taken by or submitted be erected thereon a suitable building, including fire-proof vaults, heating and to them, in like manner as hereinbefore provided in regard to the proceedings ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches, for the use and accommodation of said agent of the Treasury Department; and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States post-office, custom-house, and other Government offices, in shall thereupon finally determine the location of the building to be erected. the city of New London and State of Connecticut, the cost of said site and build- The compensation of said commissioners shall be fixed by the Secretary of ing, including said vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and ap- the Treasury, but the same shall not exceed $i per day and actual traveling exproaches, complete, not to exceed the sum of $100,000, which said sum of $100,000 penses: Provided, however, That the member of said commission appointed from is hereby appropriated for said purpose, out of any moneys in the United States the Treasury Department shall be paid only his actual traveling expenses. Treasuy not otherwise appropriated. So much of the appropriation herein made as may be necessary to defray the Proposals for the sale of land suitable for said site shall be invited by public expenses of advertising for proposals, actual traveling expenses of said agent, advertisement in one or more of the newspapers of said city of largest circula- and the compensation and actual traveling expenses of said commissioners, and tion for at least twenty days prior to the date specified in said advertisement for other expenses incident to the selection of the site, and for necessary survey the opening of said proposals. thereof, shall be immediately available. Proposals made in response to said advertisement shall be addressed and So much of said appropriation as inay be necessary for the preparation of mailed to the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall then cause the said proposed sketch-plans, drawings, specifications, and detailed estimates for the building sites, and such others as he may think proper to designate, to be examined in by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department shall be available in. person by an agent of the Treasury Department, who shall make written report mediately upon the approval by the Secretary of the Treasury of such site. to said Secretary of the results of said examination, and of his recommendation No money appropriated by this act shall be available, except as hereinbcfore thereon, and the reasons therefor, which shall be accompanied by the original provided, until a valid title to the site for said building shall be vested in the proposals and all maps, plats, and statements which shall have come into his United States, nor until the State of Ohio shall have ceded to the United States possession relating to the said proposed sites. exclusive jurisdiction over the same, during the time the United States shall bo If, upon consideration of said report and accompanying papers, the Secretary or remain the owner thereof, for all purposes except the administration of the of the Treasury shall deem further investigation necessary, he may appoint a criminal laws of said State and the service of civil process therein. commission of not more than three persons, one of whom shall be an officer of After the said site shall have been paid for and the sketch-plans and detailed the Treasury Department, which commission shall also examine the said pro- estimates for the building shall have been prepared by the Supervising Architect and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Inte- Sprigg Shackleford, to be postmaster at Gunnison, in the county of available for the erection and completion of the building, including fire-proof Gunnison and State of Colorado, in the place of Frank Adams, whose vaults, heating and ventilating apparatus, elevators, and approaches. Page 14
people. We sell to them and they sell to us. We meet and com- I submit that if we are going to have a world's fair and are going to mingle in our business affairs, and I know I represent the people of my issue bonds or appropriate large money from the Treasury of the United district, and I believe I represent the sentiment of the people of the States, there are several bills calling for large money that I desire to State and their interests, as well as their feelings-at least I think so- see past first. when I vote to give them a chance to go to the fair with the least ex- First. The soldiers' dependent pension bill, vetoed by President Clevependiture of what little money taxation has not taken from their land, by which it is decreed that no Union soldier or his dependent relapockets. tives shall die in the poor-house. Mr. FITCH. Let me ask the gentleman a question. Second. We should pass a bill to pension every soldier still living Mr. MILLS. Certainly. (there are not many) who suffered the tortures of the damned in AnMr. FITCH. Has the gentleman not been talking business in the dersonville and other prison pens of the South. last sentence or two? And I submit that this vast sum can be used in other directions. Mr. MILLS. I have. This great and expanding country is calling for and is entitled to a Mr. FLOWER. What is the use in putting the fair at St. Louis, which large appropriation for the improvement of its rivers and harbors. We will cost the Government so much and to which the gentleman ob- are suffering for public buildings in the centers of trade and population. jects, when you can send it to New York, a more convenient location, Far better to expend $15,000,000 in establishing a postal telegraph for nothing? (Laughter.] throughout the country or remit so much of the tax off sugar, a prime Mr. MILLS. I am opposed to putting it anywhere,'but if you make necessity of life, a tax that bears oppressively upon every Jabsce or a bill—if a majority of the House shall pass a bill and I have to vote- mechanic and the humblest of our citizens. then, of course, I have my preference like other men. I shall do all I The country needs education. The statistics of illiteracy in several can to oppose the bill, but if it passes I shall vote for St. Louis. large States of the Union are appalling and growing worse. All his Mr. LANSING. Why would you vote for an unconstitutional meas- tory confirms the fact that our form of government can not exist exure? cept upon the basis of the intelligence and education of the masses of Mír. MILLS. I say that if I have to vote for a place for holding the the people. Where republics have been undertaken with an ignorant fair, I want to put it as near to my people as possible. I would move I would move and illiterate population, as in Spain, Mexico, Central America, and to put it in Texas—I would like to have it in my district [laughter] South America, they have repeatedly gone down in blood, darkness, if I could get it there and you are determined to have it. and shame. If we would perpetuate this free Republic of ours, the Mr. LANSING. But you say it is unconstitutional? best government on the face of God's green earth, we must provide Mr. MILLS. Yes, I do. for the education of ihe people and the children of those who seek an Mr. LANSING. Then why would you vote for it at all? asylum on these shores. far better to spend this large money in the Mr. MILLS. I said I would vote against it. [Laughter.] I have direction of the Blair educational bill. been exceedingly unfortunate in my language, if the gentleman in- But first and foremost. Before we buy luxuries like the world's ferred from what I was saying that I was going to vote for the bili. I fair, I demand that the nation shall keep its unwritten promises, promwill vote, when it comes to filling up the blank, to put St. Louis in, ises made to the defenders of the flag in the nation's hour of deadly and then when it comes to the passage of the bill I am going to vote peril. These unwritten promises musi be religiously kept, cost what "no,” like a little man. [Laughter and applause.] it may. The nation may need soldiers again, and can not afford to break faith with these men. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one ofits clerks, announced a half we have been having in this country a series of grand centennial We are not suffering for a world's fair. During the last decade and the passage of a bill of the following title; in which concurrence was celebrations, beginning at Concord in 1875, at Philadelphia in 1876. requested, namely: A bill (s. 2324) to authorize the building of a bridge across the White cluded with a grand celebration of the inauguration of George Wash Again we celebrated the adoption of the Constitution in 1887, and conRiver, Arkansas, by the Mississippi and Little Rock Railway Company: inyton as the first President of the United States at New York in 1889. . I submit that the country has had a surfeit of celebrations for the committees of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on present. The great event of the discovery of America might probably the amendments of the House to bills of the following titles, namely: | be celebrated by erecting in the Capital of the nation a monument or a A bill (S. 835) to increase the pension of certain soldiers and sailors statue in granite or bronze to Columbus, for a comparatively small who are totally helpless from injuries received or disease contracted while in the service of the United States; and sum, and by which we could tell to the present as to generations yet unborn that we are not ungratefulor unmindful of the valor or achieveA bill (S. 620) to provide for the time and place of holding the terms ments of Columbus, the great discovererand explorer of the New World. of the United States district courts in the State of South Dakota. We are told that several of these bills involve no expense to the GovPROPOSED WORLD'S FAIR.' ernment. The same claim was made with reference to the great exMr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, there is a fable of mythology that Ulysses position held at New Orleans; yet that comparatively trifling affair cost once made war upon the Trojans. In the night he was interviewed by the Government in round numbers $1,500,000. Isubmit that the Govthe gods, who warned him of a certain dangerous island he was to pass ernment, having once given its sanction to this measure, wherever held, where the song of sweet sirens would allure him and his sailors asiiore. will be bound to stand behind it, make any appropriations, or meet any Having listened to the song of New York, Chicago, St. Louis, and Wash- deficiencies necessary to its success. ington, who would woo the world's fair, I propose to break the charm Once more I submit, before spending the amounteventually involved and take a business view of the situation. in any of these measures, will it not be well to have a'navy and coast I will begin the few words I have to say upon the pending measure, defenses to comport with the dignity of a nation of 60,000,000 people? by saying that I appreciate the great compliment which the Speaker We read of an ancient king who invited his enemies to visit his capital of the House paid to the State of Massachussetts, which I have the and showed them his treasures and its defenses, and later they came honor to represent in part, by selecting the chairman of the important with arms and took them away and despoiled his city. committee from that State. I think the member from the Ninth dis- Among the things that the Queen of Sheba told Solomon, when trict [Mr. CANDLER] has demonstrated the wisdom of your choice. she saw the glory and splendor of his kingdom, was, “the half was never I think if the fair is to be held anywhere it should be held in Wash-told." The modern Queen of Sheba who visits this country and the ington, the Capital of the nation. [Applause.] Having said this much, proposed world's fair, unless a great change is made between now and I have now to say that I am not so happy as to agree with my colleague then, will go home and report to the general of her army that of the as to the wisdom of this measure at this moment, and while I might weak and defenseless condition of the United States "the half was be willing to vote for a world's fair later in the session I am not at this never told.” stage of the session, nor until more important matters are disposed of; Would it not be a humiliating spectacle to exhibit to these foreign and I ask a moment in which to give the reasons which lead me to this visitors that, with our present navy and coast defenses, a third-class conclusion. European man-of-war could enter any of our harbors on the Atlantic First, our Democratic brethren on the other side have predicted in or Pacific and demand and collect any ransom they chose ? advance that the first acts of the majority of this House under the new I believe, before we buy a world's fair, one of the duties of the rules would be to wipe out the surplus and empty the Treasury of the Fifty-first Congress is to wipe out this standing disgrace and humiliaUnited States. tion to this great and powerful nation. One of these bills, the one likely to pass, calls for an issue of bonds If I understood my colleague from Massachusetts [Mr. CANDLER] by the District of Columbia, an expenditure, if the fair should be held yesterday in the confusion, I understood him to say that these bills in this city (which will undoubtedly be the compromise agreed upon, fixed the liability of the Government at bounds which could not be if it is held anywhere), of $15,000,000, one-half of which, at least, the passed, and that the liability and responsibility of the Government Government would be held for. The Paris Exposition, I am told, cost and the amount which, under any circumstances, they would be liable $12,000,000. It is supposed that the country would get back a part of to pay were so definitely and explicitly stated that it could not be misthis sum from foreign visitors and exhibits; but I think it is safe to say understood and could not be exceeded. The question which I desired that this proposed world's fair, wherever' held, will involve a loss to to ask him was how to reconcile that statement with the twelfth secthe Treasury of the United States of several million dollars. If it is tion of one of these bills, which provides that the same may be altered proposed to practice economy, would not this be a good place to begin? I or amended in any particular at the discretion of Congress. What is Page 15
our material and visible wealth, we must show forth if we are to make commemoration of that event, should not be disputed by any Amerithe exposition of 1892 such as its historic dignity requires it to be. can. In a word, we must make it an exposition not only of our agricult- The sudden revelation of a new continent, through the genius of ure, our manufactures, our commerce, of the arts of war and peace, Christopher Columbus, was a startling event that aroused the world to of science, invention, and the liberal arts, but of education, of social a new life, and which, in effect, turned the current of human affairs economy, of national, State, and municipal government, of history and against the Saracen, who, at that time, was the most powerful monarch literature, of our freedom in all its manifestations, of the abounding of Europe, and who had but recently crossed the Bosporus and raised fruits of our unconstrained philanthropy, and of our free and untram- the crescent above the cross upon the towers of Constantinople. meled religion. The short time allotted me will not permit a review of the events And such an exposition, Mr. Speaker, I need hardly argue, can not that followed. It is (ough that we behold the results in the developbe committed to any municipality of this country, however great it ment of a republican empire in the West that far surpasses the splendor may be, or to the control of any private corporation, no matter how ex and the power of the most renowned empires of the East. cellent the individuals that compose it. It can be fittingly carried on Mr. Speaker, the question now before this House is, Where shall the only under the auspices of the greatest and the freest nation of the fair be held at New York, at Chicago, at St. Louis, or at Washington Western World, and by that National Government which is the in- City, the Capital of this nation ? New York City is the principal gatestrumentality by which we secure to ourselves these especial blessings. way by which the commerce of a vast region enters and departs. She [Applause.] is opulent and great. The merchant princes of the land reside there, Any other patronage would fall below the historic dignity of the who say to us, “Give us the world's fair and we will foot the bills event. And, sir, if the exposition is to have the patronage and the re- without expense to the Government.” Mr. Speaker, if the motive of sponsibility before the world of the National Government, it can be those who hear me is to make money out of the world's fair, t'en call successfully held only at the seat and Capital of that Government. [Ap- for bids, and let it go to the city that will pay the most for the privi-' plause in the House and in the galleries. ] lege of having it. Mr. Speaker, I do not think it necessary in closing this debate that He who steps first on the American shore at New York City and beI should enumerate in detail the reasons for this opinion. It seems to holds the evidence of wealth, of commerce, of trade, and of the manume, upon a deliberate survey of the claims of the different cities, that factures of that great metropolis will want to see something of the the city of Washington presents advantages that none of the rest can great country from which it draws its prosperity. And should he adpresent. In the first place, sir, no man will doubt that there are here vance to the head of eastern navigation at Chicago and behold another ample facilities of every kind for the transportation, for the entertain- great metropolis of over a million population, he will wonder still ment, and for the proper conduct of any exposition, no matter upon more, and desire to explore the prolific region from which this wealth what scale of magnificence we may choose to establish it. and this prosperity is drawn. He will not pause until he has descended Here the Government itself owns the land upon which the 'exposition into the valley of the Mississippi beyond, and there he will discover can take place. Here the Government itself is to-day in sore need of the source and fountain of the prosperity of Chicago, of New York, and the buildings that would be required for the exposition. Here is a of all the cities on the Atlantic seaboard, and will soon discern that city not given to trade and commerce, with ample streets and avenues St. Louis is the head center of it all. that are never choked by business, but that were specially designed for St. Louis, seated on the western bank of the Father of Waters, with great pageants and great throngs of visitors from this and other lands. St. Paul and Minneapolis above and New Orleans below, Omaha and Here along the Potomac, whose waters will add to the success as they Kansas City, its suburbs, and other great centers of prosperity, whose will to the enjoyment of such an exposition, is the Government site for combined population and resources surpasses the aggregate of New its location, easily accessible to all the multitudes of people that shall York and Chicago and perhaps all the East! Why, Mr. Speaker, the visit it. Here the Government has its stores of accumulated historic, Mississippi River is an inland sea, so called by Mr. Calhoun nearly half scientific material, without which any exposition of this character would a century ago. It has 15,000 miles of shore-line, including all its not be what it should be. And, sir, we present to the American peo- branches. You ascend from St. Louis a thousand miles to the Falls of ple and to their Representatives in this House a financial scheme that St. Anthony, where are located the largest flour mills in the world, in is not obnoxious to any of the constitutional objections raised by my the midst of wheat fields of unsurpassed fertility and of boundless exfriend from Texas (Mr. MILLS]; a financial scheme that is clear and tent; you ascend the Missouri River from St. Louis 4,000 miles by explicit, that does not impose upon any locality or any individual bur- steamer to Fort Benton, in Montana; you descend 1,200 miles to the dens that might be unwillingly borne; a financial scheme that will in- Gulf of Mexico; you ascend the Ohio River 1,000 miles to Pittsburgh sure the success of this exposition upon the large and grand scale ap- and pass cities of renown at almost every bend. propriate to it, and at the same time will cost the Government eventu- The bosoms of these rivers float commerce of untold extent. You ally no more than it will cost to have the exposition anywhere else in take rail at St. Louis to the City of Mexico, to New York City, to San, this country: Francisco, and to almost every hamlet as well as city of this great emAnd now, in conclusion, Mr. Speaker, we have, in the project and in the pire of the Western Continent. The commerce of this vast valley exbill proposed for the city of Washington, done that which has given inficeeds tenfold the foreign commerce of New York City, and its varied nite trouble if it has been successfully done at all in other cases. We have industries and manufactures exceed in value and variety those of all entirely exorcised the spirit of politics and partisanship. We assure the balance of the country. The empire of the West is in the valley 3 you that the control of this exposition will not be in the interest of any of the Mississippi, and St. Louis is its central point, and that is where political party, not in the interest of any man, or city, or section, but the world's fair should be held, at the confluence of four great rivers, in the interest of all the people of all the States of this country. [Ap- the like of which is to be found nowhere else on the face of the plause. ] globe. Locate your exposition here, and there will be no heart burnings The next centennial of the discovery of America will be held in Calamong the other competitors. Not one of the great commercial cities ifornia, and I advocate St. Louis now for the reasons above stated, and will feel either that its interests are harmed, its prestige or growth re- for the further reason that it is the nearest to California of any point tarded, or its business impaired by the location of the exposition at the proposed for the world's fair. United States Capital, each in turn contributing to make it what it DeWitt Clinton is an honored name, of which the State of New York ought to be. And, sir, every citizen of this land, wherever he may be, and the country are justly proud. The great achievement of his life can have the assurance that a great exposition, worthily setting forth was securing cheap water communication between the West and New the glory of his country as the leader of civilization and the leader of York City. No less entitled to credit and to grateful remembrance is freedom in all the world, is being carried on in such a way as will bring the name of James B. Eads, of St. Louis, who conceived a plan and no harm or injury, but, on the contrary, credit and power to all sections, executed it of deepening the navigable channel at the mouth of the to all individuals, to all States, and to all parties. [Loud applause.] Mississippi River, so that as large ships can enter there as any that enThe SPEAKER. The gentleman has six minutes remaining. ter the harbor of New York. Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia. I will give that to anybody that The discoverer of America and the adventurous explorers who folwants it. lowed after him penetrated the then wilderness to the Mississippi River Mr. SPINOLA. Give it to me. and to the California coast a century or more before the Pilgrims Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia. Ah, I am afraid of you, general. landed at Plymouth Rock, and before the settlement at Manhattan Mr. SPINOLA. I thank the gentleman for the time. Island, and before Penn led his peace-loving companions to the banks Mr. WILSON, of West Virginia. I reserve it, Mr. Speaker. [Laugh- of the Delaware. They were of the Latin-speaking peoples of Southter. ] ern Europe, and gave names to the rivers, headlands, and bays they Mr. HATCH. I yield ten minutes of my time to my colleague from discovered. Their descendants are found from one end of the MissisMissouri (Mr. FRANK]. sippi Valley to the other, and all over California and in New Mexico Mr. FRANK. Mr. Speaker, the friends and advocates of St. Louis and other Territories. At St. Louis the traditions of the past, of Pilare clamoring for time, but the wishes of the far West have not yet grim Fathers and of Spanish explorers, are cherished and are associated been heard, and I now yield to the gentleman from California [Mr. with the land. Nowhere else on the continent do such grounds for VANDEVER). fraternity and friendliness exist between men of different origins, of Mr. VANDEVER. Mr. Speaker, the propriety of holding a world's different sections, but of oneness in national pride, as at St. Louis, and fair on the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America, in that is where the fair should be held. [Applause. ] Page 16
Mr. HATCH. I yield ten minutes to the gentleman from Kentucky Mr. KINSEY. Mr. Speaker, I assume that the people of this coun[Mr. CARLISLE]. try approve the proposition to commemorate the discovery of America Mr. CARLISLE. Mr. Speaker, I thank my friend from Missouri by Columbus substantially as pointed out in the bills now before the for the time he has yielded me, though I shall, perhaps, not occupy House, and that they will heartily unite in making the proposed expohalf of it. It is too late to attempt to say anything new upon the sub- sition of 1892 worthy of the grand event which it is designed to celeject under discussion, and I rise, therefore, only for the purpose of re- brate. brate. Whatever remarks I may submit, therefore, upon this occasion stating, in as few words as possible, and emphasizing the two consid- will bear upon the question of location. The patriotic sentiment of erations which will influence my vote in the matter. this country will not tolerate the selection of a site for reasons that · If local interests alone were to be consulted I would have great dif- appeal only to the desire of the great competing cities to aggrandize ficulty in determining how to cast my vote, because each one of the themselves. They all stand ready to welcome in 1892 the stranger of four cities represented in this debate is certainly worthy of the honor this and other lands within their gates. for which they all are contending. None of them, however, are unmindful of the rich commercial harBut, Mr. Speaker, this is not a local question, and it ought not to be vest to be gleaned by a favorable location, and like them the vast sysa sectional one. The purpose of the exposition which it is proposed to tens of railways radiating from each have entered the lists and with . hold in 1892, as I understand it, is not only to afford to our visitors from an iron grasp are endeavoring to lay hold of this prize. Such ambition abroad an apportunity to witness an exhibition of our wonderful agri- for supremacy is laudable; such enterprise superb; both are distinctly cultural, manufactured, and other products, but also to enable them American, but neither is far enough removed from the influence of to see and to realize the vast extent and marvelous development of the local and selfish purposes to safely guide us to a right conclusion in this great country in which we live. There are smaller countries upon the matter. Mr. Speaker, if we are to celebrate this memorable event in globe which surpass us in the beauty and value of their works of art, the world's history at all, if we are to pay a just tribute to the grand c. and there are others which rival us at least in the variety and quality and intrepid genius of Columbus, let it not be upon a plane that is sug of their manufactures and in the perfection of their agricultural prod-gestive of a selfish motive, but rather upon one that is creditable to ucts. the patriotism, the gratitude, and the honor of America. But there are none that can be compared to us in the intelligence, We propose to celebrate the magnificent progress of human liberty, the perseverance, and the courage which in the short space of one hun- civilization, and art which radiates over the western world from the dred years have carried the very highest type of Anglo-Saxon civiliza- place where Columbus landed on October 12, 1492. At what point of tion across the Alleghanies, across the Ohio and the Mississippi, and vantage shall we meet, and, looking back over the world's history of four covered the plains of the great West with magnificent farms and popu- centuries, pay a just tribute to the world's greatest discoverer and homlous cities and towns. We want to exhibit our country and the in- age to the divine Providence which led him safely across the trackless comparable people who found it a wilderness and have made it a garden. ocean to our shores? In inviting the considerate attention of this House [Applause.] to the city of St. Louis as a proper and fitting place at which to hold We want our visitors to see our great mountains, our mighty rivers, this proposed exposition, I beg your indulgence for a few moments unand our wide prairies. We do not want them to stop at the door, but til I endeavor to state some of the reasons why, in my judgment, the we want them to come and see us as we are at our homes. [Applause.] world's fair should be held at that point. [ New York is a great city and we are all proud of it, but there are great The greatest thing which this country has to exhibit is the country cities in other parts of the world, while there is nowhere such a coun- itself. The territory of the United States is so vast, its development try as our visitors will see if they come to the interior. If our terri- of such stupendous and varied character, that our own people, Mr. torial area were small, as that of England or France, and we had only Speaker, do not know it as they should. For this reason, if for none one great city substantially representing the characteristics of our peo- other, it seems to me that we should select a site which will enable our ple, the propriety of holding the exposition in that city would not be people in traveling to and from it to see and know their own country betdisputed. But such is not the case here. We have more than 3,000,000 We have more than 3,000,000 ter than they now know it. Furthermore, we should select a represent , square miles of territory, containing many large cities, each one having ative city, and by that I mean a city that contains in its population repcharacteristics peculiar to itself. We have a variety of soil, of climate, resentatives of all sections of the country, North, South, East, and West. and production which can not be appreciated by a visitor who stops at You will find that nowhere as you find it at St. Louis. New England will the seaboard. meet among our citizens sons and daughters who have brought to us her But, Mr. Speaker, our own people, looking alone to their own in- culture, her education, and her energy, and all else that has made her terests and convenience, have a right to demand that this great expo- great. The North and the West have sent to us their favorite sons, who sition, if one is held, shall be located at a place as near the geographical to-day are the merchant princes of the great metropolis of the Mississippi center of the country as can be found. Valley. From the South has come the flower of that country. NoWhy shall the people of the far West and the Southwest be com- where have the asperities of that gloomy period of our history of thirty pelled to travel or to ship their exhibits across the continent in order to years ago been so completely obliterated as in the city of St. Louis. It reach the exposition when it can be held in a more convenient place is there that the blue and gray have indeed joined hånds; they "have without injustice to anybody? The city of St. Louis is nearer the beaten their swords into plowshares, their spears into pruning-hooks,”' geographical center than any other city mentioned in this debate, and the and are rivals now only in the arts of peace. So that to-day there is city of Chicago is next. For my part, I will vote for St. Louis as the in the people of the city of St. Louis all that is good, all that is grand, location of this fair [applause], and, if it turns out that it can not go that is great, and that is representative of the people of the whole there, I will vote for Chicago. [Applause.] United States. Let the people of the North and the South and the East and the A quarter of a century ago we were on the border line of the great West meet upon the banks of the Mississippi, in the very heart of this controversy which had just been raging between the North and South. new continent, and there, remembering the perils and glories of the While New York and Chicago were reaping a great harvest of commerpast, but forgetting its strifes and dissensions, let them celebrate that cial wealth, St. Louis was emerging from the wreck and ruin that was great discovery which resulted in establishing homes for millions of incident to the civil war. Coming out of that baptism of blood, her free and prosperous people. progress has been no less phenomenal, no less stable, no less wonderful I have said this much, Mr. Speaker, upon the supposition that an ex- than that of any other on the western continent. Her people are genposition is to be held under the auspices of the Government of the erous and hospitable to a fault. Accustomed year after year to enterUnited States; but it would be uncandid not to say, while I have the taining vast numbers of strangers, she to-day stands waiting with outfloor, that neither of the bills submitted by the committee meets my stretched hands to welcome the people of this and other lands in 1892. approval. I deny the authority of Congress to create a corporation ex- But, Mr. Speaker, there is another feature of this proposed celebration cept in the District of Columbia or the Territories for this purpose, or that has been entirely overlooked. Columbus was one of the grandest for any other purpose not directly connected with the administration characters of the Latin race. characters of the Latin race. Our sister republics of Central and South of public affairs. The limitation placed upon the power of Congress America are equally indebted to him with ourselves, and we hope that in this respect by the reasoning of the Supreme Court in more than one they, too, will join with us in commemorating his greatest discovery. If . case is conclusive, in my opinion, and I can not vote for any bill which weare to celebrate, therefore, in a fitting manner this event is it not proper contains such a provision. And it is altogether unnecessary. that we should pay some attention to him and to them? It was nearly Any State in the Union whose people desire to have this exposition a century before the Pilgrim Fathers landed on the “stern and rockheld within its limits can incorporate an organization to carry it on. bound” coast of New England that De Soto, completing the work which Nor can I vote for an appropriation of $1,500,000 to defray the expense Columbus began, penetrated that wilderness which is now a part of the of a Government exhibit. Such an appropriation, in my judgment, is great empire west of the Mississippi Valley. In his last voyage he in the very highest degree unreasonable and extravagant. The money visited what is now the State of Missouri. can not be expended without the grossest waste or incompetency, un- What more fitting soil, therefore, could be found on which to locate less the Government proposes to erect costly and permanent buildings this grand exposition than that which was discovered by De Soto? It to be hereafter donated to the city in which the exposition is held; and was more than one hundred years before Marquette and Joliet traversed to that I am opposed. But I desire to say that if a proper bill is pre- the wilds of the great Northwest that the Spaniards penetrated to the sented containing a reasonable provision for the Government exhibit, I spot where we now ask you to celebrate the discovery of the New World. expect to support it. Beyond that I am not prepared to go. [Applause. ] My colleague from Missouri alluded on yesterday to the fact that Mis Mr. HATCH. Inow yield five minutes to my colleague, Mr. KINSEY. souri was part of the Louisiana Purchase, a territory which was under Page 17
in the Union, which does not owe a dollar of State debt. Illinois will Addressing the Speaker of this House, without intending to be persee to it that the fair is not a failure. sonal, I am constrained to quote a passage from the Collect for the But Chicago's proposition is ample to secure success. It is this: second Sunday in Advent: $10,000,000 in money and a site; while New York's proposition, when Read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest. reduced to the real purposes of the fair, means only $5,000,000 and the And when you, Mr. Speaker, and your supporters on the other side site. of the House see looming up before you the threatening aspect of the And such a site! There would not be room enough for an exhibi- two-thirds rule, you will doubtless resort to the prayer-book for extion of the fat cattle which one of our western States could produce. pression of your contrition: “Have mercy upon us miserable sinners." The West wants a site large enough to exhibit the best specimens of While we upon this side of the House will not hope for a complete the agricultural products and live-stock of the whole American conti- conversion, we will, nevertheless, regard your adoption of the twonent. thirds rule in the world's fair commission as “an outward and visible We will ask no money from Congress, except what will be required sign of an inward and spiritual,” if not political, ) for the buildings and exhibits of the Government. Five or six hun A PLATT VICTORY. dred thousand dollars will be ample for this. But I would be willing to deal as generously by this world's fair as we did by the Philadelphia Evening Post's Albany correspondent in reference to the compromise. Senator Fassett, a Platt Republican senator, was interviewed by the exposition of 1876. THE TWO-THIRDS RULE. This item appears in that paper of the 18th instant: A REPUBLICAN VETO. The New York Herald gives the text of the Platt-Depew compromise amendment, in its Albany legislative proceedings, as follows: Senator Fassett says that if one will only view the result calmly, and with an upprejudiced mind, it will be apparent immediately that he and his associates It was also recommended that no contract should be made, no executive offi. have really won the victory in the fight for the fair. “It was purely a fight for cers appointed, or rules adopted, except by a two-thirds affirmative vote. principle,” he declared to the Evening Post's correspondent. “What we in sisted upon from the outset was that the Tammany strength on the commission The New York Evening Post's report of the Cooper Institute meet- should be overcome in some way. This action of the Cooper Union meeting ing contains the following: has accomplished just what we were striving for. The two-thirds vote will serve toneutralize the Tammany majority every time, and that was the bone of contenMr. Depew announced his proposition, as follows: “The plan (of compromise] is simply this: thatan amendment shall be inserted tion. We have forty good Republicans among the incorporators. Thirty-five in the senate bill and the bij before Congress, which shall provide that no con of these may be sufficient to block any game that the Tammany crowd may at tempt to engineertraci shall be made by the commissioners, and no money spent for any purpose without a two-thirds vote. [Prolonged cheers.," That means Democrats, mind youCongress must ratify this provision. But I have received from Al- and therefore we are entirely satisfied with this solution of the difficulty. bany the text of the two-thirds rule which has been ingrafted on the This will give the Republican members a veto on all the proceedings ten-million-loan bill. It is as follows: of the commissioners. But no contract involving the expenditure of money shall be made, no execu- But here is what Mr. Fassett said in open senate, as reported in the tive officer or officers or executive committee be appointed, no vacancies in the Tribune: list of commissioners by death or otherwise be filled, and no rules or regulations governing the executive officer or officers or executive committee be adopted I had advices before the meeting in New York that that was to be proposed. except by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the members of the board of I advocated it. I was ready to ask the senate to offer this compromise to the exhibition commissioners. assembly here from my chair, and so were all the senators along this row. If the senator from the twelfth (Mr. Robertson), who conceived this notion a week This provision is not only iron-clad, but it retains in the hands of the ago, had proposed it in the senate, there would have been turned on it the Republican commissioners by “a death grip” the complete control. shoulder of scorn. They would have said: “You expect us to accept that? We If the fair is located in New York, it will, in all probability, be a have refused to put your nineteen names on, and now you ask us to put it in the power of thirty-five men absolutely to control the fair.” Well, I am glad failure, as was a similar fair authorized to be held in that city in 1883. the assembly is so delighted with it, and that Tammany is also. I am glad they A bill was passed by Congress in 1880, and the act is printed in vol- have come in here to see me eat a dish of crow. While they crow I will eat the ume 21 of United States Statutes at Large, page 77, and to this act I crow, but it is remarkably tender. I will leave the bones for them, and if it doesn't stick in their throats it is because the Tammany tiger can swallow decall the attention of the House. It is entitled feat with almost the same equanimity that it swallows the resources of New An act to provide for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the York City. Of course we do not indorse this language. New York, in 1883. This bill provides a corporation, the names of the incorporators, pre- Herald of January 29 last, at a time when Mr. Platt was demanding What this means is fully set forth in an editorial in the New York cisely as is done in this case, and it authorizes a subscription of $12;; the addition of twenty names to the commission in order to give him ,stock. of April, 1880. "It was as ample in all its provisions as the pending the political control, and before the alleged compromise. The Herald said: bill, but owing to local dissensions such as now exist in that State the whole scheme was abandoned and no fair was held in 1883. We will ruin, and to use the senators at Albany as the tools of his strategy. He has Now, however, we understand his position. He proposes either to rule or let you have that over again, but we want this fair of 1892 to go out succeeded in making our legislators crouch at his feet. It was last night deWest. Besides this, there was a world's fair in New York in 1853. cided that a score or so of names be added to the list of incorporators. That That ought to satisfy that city. It also had the centennial celebration gives the fair into the hands of the Republicans as a political machine and makes Platt the boss of the whole job. of the inauguration of George Washington, and only recently there was This is the record of the hour. It only remains to find out whether Mr. celebrated in that city the centennial of the Supreme Court of the Thomas C. Platt is personally and politically pleasing to the citizens of this United States. Philadelphia has had the centennial fair of 1876 and State; whether we want a dictator who assumes the prerogatives of fate and who will generously allow us to hold a fair if it meets with his gracious pleasure, Washington has the Capital of the nation. Now let the West have but deny us that privilege unless we bend the pregnant hinges of the knee to something. him in fawning. MAJORITY RULE. This was and is the object-to rule or ruin, to allow a fair to be held And now comes Senator Fassett, one of Mr. Platt’s friends, after the that the majority must rule, or nothing could be done. They suc- compromise, after the two-thirds rule has been agreed to, and declares ceeded in so amending our rules as to enable the majority "to do busi- that Mr. Platt and his friends have “won the victory." Their forty ness” and assured us that this new departure was to meet the enthu- commissioners can block any game, can prevent any business that does siastic indorsement of the country. not meet their approval. They can still rule or ruin. Lut scarcely had the news of this majority rule reached the greatest There is no evidence that the purpose has been changed, which was, as State in the Union when a reverberating sound was rolled back from the Herald declared January 29, “ to give the fair into the hands of the Cooper Institute, where ten thousand people were assembled trying to Republicans as a political machine, and to make himself the boss of devise the best means of promoting the public weal in that great State. the whole job.” The two-thirds rule was to him as strong a card as " And what was the response brought back to this House? It was this: the twenty additional commissioners. That the only way to secure safe and non-partisan legislation is to re If the bill should pass and if New York should secure the fair, Mr. quire that no business can be done except with the concurrence of two- Platt may say truthfully and consistently, “The two-thirds rule allows thirds of the legislative body. my friends to veto all action which does not meet our approval. Give And then, I have no doubt, At once the Albany Legislature responded to the popular demand us the control or there will be no fáir.”' as if it were feared Congress might do some unwise thing by a majority the pregnant hinges of the knee will be bent in fawning, as so prophetvote. The world's fair bill was at once amended so as to require two- ically announced by the Herald. thirds of all the commissioners of the fair to vote in the affirmative be. NO TAMMANY MAN NEED APPĻY. fore any business could be done. The bill was so amended, and Con- Mr. Platt, in an interview published in the Herald of January 29, gress will be asked in a few days to incorporate the provision in the bill iustifying his course in demanding the insertion of the additional names a we are to pass, if New York secures the fair. Gentlemen on the other in the bill, said: side of the House, do you desire to strike your colors so soon? If so, Mr. Depew and others who had accepted Mr. Stokes's classification had been locate the fair in New York, and adopt the Platt-Depew two-thirds led blindfold into giving up the scheme to Tammany. If the little game had not been discovered in time there would ultimately be a Tammany directorrule, and your conversion will be complete. general and a Tammany administration of the fair throughout, Page 18
III. 'VIII. The Philadephians in 1876 drove a coach and four through the Pennsylvania con- All of these property-owners are in favor of a world's fair. But they have not expected stitution. But the New York conititution is a very different affair. confiscation. The Pennsylvania constitution provides as follows: This property was acquired years ago. Taxes and assessments have been “The General Assembly shall not authorize any county, city, borough, town- enormous. The property is just coming into the market. Public improveship, or incorporated district to become a stockholder in any company, asso ments are going on all about it. Rapid transit is in the near future. Lots which ciation, or corporation, or to obtain or appropriate money for or to loan its to-day will not sell for past assessments and taxes will soon be worth double their credit to any corporation, association, institution, or individual.” (Art. IX, 7.) present market value. The finest residence part of New York City will soon be But the New York constitution is as follows: on that property. It is eminently fitted for that purpose. And now condemna“No county, city, town, or village shall hereafter give any money or property, tion is proposed. Present values are to be the basis of prices. The waiting of or loan its money or credit to or in aid of any individual, association, or corpo- twenty years is to be nullified now, when the end is nearly reached. ration, or become directly or indirectly the owner of stock in or bonds of any IX. association or corporation, nor shall any such county, city, town, or village be allowed to incur any indebtedness, except for county, city, town, or village purposes.” The statement has been made that there is no intent to condemn any lands which the owners are willing to lease. (Art. VIII, % 11.) The words in the foregoing New York provision which are italicized are not Why, then, does the bill provide (section 24) that "buildings intended for in the Pennsylvania constitution, and they are the words upon which the prop- permanent exhibition uses shall be erected only upon lands acquired or owned by erty-holders rely to defeat this bill. said city in fee?". There is unquestionably an intent here to condemn some IV. property upon which are to be erected permanent buildings. Who can tell what lands will be seized and what lands will be left untouched ? There is another reason why this bill is unconstitutional. It is a local bill; it con X. tains two subjects; and its title does not indicate the vicious provisions which are Such a bill as this never before was proposed in the New York Legislature or in the found in the bill itself. Legislature of any other State. It is contrary to that constitutional provision which provides that "No * * * local bill, which may be passed by the Legislature, shall embrace more than one If enacted it will be a cloud on the title of every foot of land in New York subject and that shall be expressed in the title." (Art. III, 16.). City. The commissioners are authorized to condemn land anywhere and everyThis bill empowers New York City to condemn lands and to issue $10,000,000 where in New York City. The Chemical National Bank building may be conof bonds. It is a local bill (People vs. Supervisors, etc., 43 N. Y., 10, 18), but it demned for offices, Madison Square may be seized, and the Fifth Avenue Hotel embraces two subjects: the one being the authorization to New York City to razed to make room for a “world's fair.” Should such powers as these be concondemn land and issue $10,000,000 of bonds; the other being the power given ferred on these commissioners? Hitherto all acts for the laying out of parks to New York City to turn over the use of the lands to a private corporation to have defined the lands which might be taken. But this bill lays all New York be created by Congress. open to condemnation. If such a bill can be passed where is any protection of In the case of The People vs. The Supervisors of Chautauqua (43 New York, property to be found ? Property has some rights which even a world's fair 10-22), the court say: "The purpose is that any bill on a private or local subject is bound to respect. This bill is monstrous and should be amended or defeated. shall stand alone, and ask for legislation upon its merits.” (See also Huber vs. XI. People, 49 New York, 132.) The act should be amended and remodeled so that in no case shall a fee be The apparent object is an exhibition to be maintained by the city. But there condemned, and condemnation should be only for the term of years necessary is another subject in the bill. for the proposed “world's fair." The provision for a lease to an international exhibition is not germane to the DWIGHT H. OLMSTEAD, principal purpose which is expressed in the title. Therefore the act is unconstitu WILLIAM W. COOK, tional. People vs. Briggs, 50 N. Y., 553.) Counsel for Lucy W. Drecel, James J. Goodwin, Moreover, the title of the bill does not express the subject of the bill itself. J. Watts de Peyster, Maria N. 'Olmstead, and others. There is nothing in the title to indicate that lands are to be condemned; that $10,000,000 of bonds are to be issued; that those lands are to be turned over to a private corporation, and that a body of commissioners are to be created with powers such as never before were conferred in this State on any body of men. OPINION OF ANDREW H. GREEN AS TO THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE ALBANY The court of appeals in the case, Matter of the Application of Mayor, etc., of TEN-MILLION BILL. New York, 99 New York, 569, 577, said in regard to this provision of the consti “The framers of the bill are not all-wise, and the results of their labor are not tution: "Where one, reading a proposed bill with the title in his mind, comes by any means beyond just criticism. In their haste to rush their crude work upon provisions which take him by surprise, which he could not reasonably have anticipated, and so both citizen and legislator are misled and thrown off through the forms of legislation I very much fear that it will be found they have delayed and seriously hindered, if not wholly frustrated, the objects which the their guard, it is our duty to declare the condemnation of the fundamental law.” bill was apparently intended to promote.” (See also Johnson vs. Spicer, 107 New York, 185, 202.) “What of the question of constitutionality?" asked the reporter. V. “The bill is a clear violation of those mandates of the constitution which were framed by thoughtful men, and confirmed by the people of the State, as a bulIt is unconstitutional to condemn lands by power of eminent domain for the purposes wark against wastefulness, extravagance, the creation of debt, and unjust taxof an exhibition or “world's fair." ation," answered Mr. Green. “It should be no occasion for the boasts of good Such a use is not a “public use" of the lands. As long ago as 1816 Chancel citizens or reputable lawyers that they have got around the 'snags' of the constilor Kent cited Bynkershoeck to the effect that “private property can not be tution, that they have broken down the barriers that were set to protect property taken on any terms without consent of the owner for purposes of public orna and to help maintain steadiness, prudence, and conservatisni in public affairs. ment or pleasure;” and he mentions an instance in which the Roman senate It would be more creditable to render aid and exercise ability in rejecting a refused to allow the pretors to carry an aqueduct through the farm of an indi measure when it is even doubtful whether it is not evasive of the beneficent vidual against his consent when intended merely for ornament. (Gardiner vs. provisions of the constitution. This would be the decision of good citizenship, Newburgh, 2 John. Ch., 162.) of sound legal ability, and of justifiable legislation; but it would not be the way And as recently as 1888 the New York court of appeals, in refusing to allow a of crafty measures intended to get around some of the wisest and most benefirailroad company to condemn a right of way for a railroad to the “Whirlpool" cent provisions of the constitution of the State.' at Niagara, said: Discussing further the question of constitutionality, and also the question of “The fact that the road of the petitioner may enable a portion of the pub- the use of Central Park, Mr. Green said : " By section 31 of the billit appears that lic who visit Niagara Falls more easily or more fully to gratify their curios the exhibition commissioners are authorized to put permanent buildings on any ity, or that the road will be public in the sense that all who desire will be enti- property in the city of New York owned by the city. Is it thus intended to retled to be carried upon it, is not sufficient, we think, in view of the other nec peal the act that now peremptorily forbids the use of the Central Park for these essary limitations, to make the enterprise a public one so as to justify condem- purposes? It appears also that such portion of the $10,000,000 as the board of nation proceedings. The case does not, we think, differ in principle from an apportionment may determine to provide for the erection of further museum attempt on the part of a private corporation, under color of an act of the Leg- buildings may be used without any consultation with or action of the park deislature, to condemn lands for an inclined railway, or for a circular railway, or partment, as now required by law. Is it proposed to put these additions in Cenfor an observatory, to promote the enjoyment or convenience of those who may tral Park? It is difficult to see how they can get around' the section of the convisit the falls. (Matter of the Niagara Falls and Whirlpool Railroad Company, stitution prohibiting the city from giving money or loaning its credit to or in aid 108 New York, 375, 386.) of any association or corporation except for county, town, or village purposes." There is no mistaking such language as this. It means that lands can not be “The taking of private property by force against the wish of its owners," condemned for the purpose of a fair. The "use” is not "public," and the con continued Mr. Green, in reply to another question, “must be allowed only in demnation proceedings would be unconstitutional and void. cases of extreme public exigencies. It is an odious proceeding, never to be re sorted to unless in dire necessity. While this bill has the great merit of leavVI. ing the location of the fair open, to be fixed anywhere hereafter in the city of The $10,000,000 of bonds issued by the city of New York under the provisions of this talked about, yet while it does this it also permits the commissioners to drop New York, thus setting aside the ill-considered location that has been so much act would be void and not collectible. down anywhere they may think fit in the city and take anybody's property The issue of these bonds will be a serious matter both to the bondholders and they may fancy.' to the city. The property-owners are resolved to test the validity of this act to As to the method provided of making payment to the owners of property the court of final resort, the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Green said : A final decision can not be reached until several years have elapsed. If the “By section 16 of the act, upon filing the oaths of the commissioners of estimate, act is finally declared unconstitutional, the bonds are void and can not be en- the city becomes seized at once of the fee or other interest in the lands proposed forced. The city of New York will be unable to sell these bonds. Purchasers to be taken. The owner, it may be, of one house and lot or of a hundred does of bonds do not care to purchase a lawsuit, with the probability of a final total not get his money for his property at the time his title is taken from him. He loss. The city of New York can not afford to sell the bonds at a low price. must submit to the delays, it may be for years, that are attendant upon provBondholders can not afford to purchase these bonds at a high price. Who is ing his title and convince the commissioners of its value before he gets his pay. going to buy bonds under such circumstances as these, and how can the city This is neither necessary, nor just, nor constitutional, and the owners of propof New York afford to sell such doubtful and dangerous securities as these erty are not unlikely to take this provision to the courts before they submit to would be? it. The lands should be paid for when taken, and the owner should not have VII. to wait upon the delays and expense of lawyers and courts to get his money. This bill is a breach of faith. What these delays and expenses are those who have been compelled to go through them can best state. It would have been in the interest of the fair and The property-owners, induced by representations that only the temporary of its success if these features had been left out of the bill. I should think that use of their property was desired, have almost unanimously copsented to lease they are very certain to create opposition and dissatisfaction. You will rememor donate the use of their property for a world's fair. There has been no in- ber that it took nearly four months to get the committee on sites to give up their timation of an intent to seize and condemn the property. On the contrary, unwise attempt to locate on the Central Park, although forbidden by express when certain owners liesitated from fear of this result, the committee on site statute. and buildings rebuked the secretary of the general committee for asserting that “These assaults upon the Constitution and upon the laws would be unwise condemnation was intended. And now, suddenly and in the night, this bill is enough in anarchists. . What shall we say when they are the work of men of subsprung upon the property-owners. Is this honorable and just? What occasion stance and property? We hear much of a property qualification for voting. Such is there for condemning the lands when they may be leased? The interest on things as these before us show what folly it is to trust to property interests alone the money paid by the city would exceed the amount of rent, and at the close to carry on our affairs. of the fair the city would have spent its money and would have lands which it “From the first I have been an advocate of a fair in this city. I have never did not need. doubted that it would ultimately be located here, simply because it is admittedly Page 19
for an exhibition, national an international, in the United States of the disease went to the spinal column, and thence to the brain, which caused America in 1892. Sir, without further suggestions on the subject, trust the death of the soldier. The widow is now quite old, past eighty-four years, poor, and unable to labor, and has no means of livelihood. ing that on Monday we shall come to a favorable conclusion, I move We recommend that the bill do pass. that the House now take a recess until 8 o'clock. The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recomThe motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 58 min mendation that it do pass. utes p. m.) the House was declared in recess. DANIEL DOTY. The next business upon the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 4181) EVENING SESSION. granting a pension to Daniel Doty. Be it enacted, e!c., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au- thorized and directed to place upon the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Daniel Doty, late of Company Mr. MORROW. I move that the House resolve itself into Commit- | H, Forty-second Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. tee of the Whole on the Private Calendar for the consideration of pen The report (by Mr. LANE) was read, as follows: sion bills. Mr. KILGORE. Before that motion is submitted I would like to The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 4181) granting a pension to Daniel Doty, submit the following report: make a parliamentary inquiry. The soldier enlisted December 3, 1861, and was discharged October 23, 1862, on The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. surgeon's certificate of disability. Mr. KILGORE. I understand that by the rules now in vogue it that when this soldier entered the Army he was a sound, healthy man, and The affidavits of eight or ten credible witnesses are in the record, showing takes 100 to constitute a quorum in Committee of the Whole. I un- none more so, and when he returned his health was greatly impaired. These derstand that 51 is a majority of that number. Now the question I facts are incontestable. It further appears from the evidence that at Camp desire to submit is whether, should the point of no quorum be made, also ruptured as the result of his service. The report of the examining sur Chase, Ohio, he contracted a severe cold, which finally settled in his ear, and is the Chair will hold that it would require 100 present to make a quorum, geons shows that his disability is three-fourths and his rating should be tenor if there should be 51 present and only 51, would the Chair hold that eighteenths. We recommend that this bill do pass. a quorum were present for the transaction of business? The SPEAKER. By the rules of the House the presence of 100 mem- Mr. LANE. Mr. Chairman, I think the printer must have misbers in Committee of the Whole is necessary to constitute a quorum. read my handwriting and got the christian name of this man wrong. Any less number than that would not constitute a quorum. I move to amend by changing the name "Daniel” to “David” where ANN BRYAN. The next bill on the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 5702) grant- ing a pension to Ann Bryan. The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the Whole The bill was read, as follows: on the state of the Union, Mr. MORROW in the chair. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole for the and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Ann Bryan, widow of William · authorized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions purpose of considering bills on the Private Calendar, and the Clerk will Bryan, late of Forty-sixth Regiment of Illinois Infantry Volunteers. read paragraph 2 of Rule XXVI, under which the committee is now The report (by Mr. LANE) was read, as follows: in session. The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. The Clerk read as follows: 5702) granting a pension to Ann Bryan, submit the following report: The House shall on each Friday at 5 o'clock p.m.take a recess until 8 o'clock, That the Committee on Invalid Pensions of the Fiftieth Congress made a faat which evening session private pension bills, bills for the removal of political vorable report on this case, which report this committee adopt as their own, and disabilities, and bills removing charges of desertion only shall be considered, which is as follows: said evening session not to extend beyond 10 o'clock and 30 minutes. “ William Bryan, the soldier in this case, enlisted November 20, 1861, was dis charged January 24, 1866, and died June 2, 1885. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the title of the first bill on “The soldier drew a pension in his life-time for chronic diarrhea, and the the Calendar. widow made application for pension, which was rejected for the reason that Mr. SAWYER. Mr. Chairman, the Committee on Invalid Pensions chronic diarrhea was not the cause of the soldier's death. “The testimony in the record is abundant to show that the soldier contracted at their meeting to-day requested me to state that, in accordance with chronic diarrhea in the Army, and the granting to him of a pension is a confesa resolution adopted, they would recommend that the bills be taken up sion on the part of the Government that he was so diseased, and the only quesin their order on the Calendar, and not in accordance with the practice tion wemaining is whether or not that was the cause of his death. “ William Howell testifies that he knew the soldier for ten years prior to his that has prevailed in other Congresses. death; that the soldier was affected with chronic diarrhea; that he was there The CHAIRMAN. That is the regular order, and, unless a contrary on the day of his death, and that in his belief the cause of death was diarrhea, " John R. Murphy testifies that he knew the soldier for twenty years; that motion prevails, that will be the proceeding of the committee. he had chronic diarrhea, and that was the cause of his death. CATHARINE SAPP. “Other witnesses testify to the existence of chronic diarrhea in a severe form at the time of his death; that he was quite sick the evening before his death, The first business upon the Private Calendar was a bill (H. R. 5849) and that he died suddenly at night. granting a pension to Catharine Sapp. There is no claim in the record that the soldier was affected with any other The bill was read, as follows: disease at the time of his death than that of chronic diarrhea, and the committee think it more reasonable to believe that the soldier died from this cause, for Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au- which he was pensioned, than to believe that he died from some disease with thorized and directed to place upon the pension-roll, subject to the provisions which he was not affected. and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Catharine Sapp, widow of The widow is old, blind, and very poor, and the committee think that the Charles Sapp, deceased, late of Company G, Thirty-fifth Regiment of Illinois testimony warrants the conclusion that the soldier died from chronic diarrhea, Volunteers. contracted in the service of his country, and the committee recommend that this bill do pass. The report (by Mr. LANE) was read, as follows: The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H.R Mr. LANE. I move that the bill be laid aside to be reported to the 5849) granting a pension to Catharine Sapp, submit the following report: House with the recommendation that it do pass. That they find from the record in this case that the complainant is the widow Mr. BYNUM. Is there no medical testimony is this case ? of Charles Sapp, who enlisted in Company G, Thirty-fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, on the 20th day of September, 1861, and was discharged December Mr. LANE. No, sir; no testimony of experts. Several witnesses It appears further from the testimony that on the march from Southwest Mis- Mr. LANE. No, sir; he was too poor to have a physician. . RICHARD D. M'KINNEY. The next business upon the Private Calendar was the bi! (H. R. Dr. Frazer testifies in the record that he was the family physician of the sole 5205) granting a pension to Richard D. McKinney. dier from his return from the Army until the time of his death, in 1863; that dur- The bill was read, as follows: ing all this time he, the soldier, was troubled with varicose veins, which had to be frequently opened, and discharged large quantity of matter, and that these Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and is hereby, author. sores finally dried up, when the soldier was at once taken sick with meningitis ized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and of the upper spinal marrow, extending to the brain, caused by the drying up of limitations of the pension laws, the name of Richard D. McKinney, late of Comthe ulcers; that this was the cause of the soldier's death. pany I, Forty-eighth Regiment Illinois Volunteers. There is much other testimony in the record which tends strongly to support this theory of the case, and the committee find no testimony to the contrary, The report (by Mr. LANE) was read, as follows: and are at a loss to know how the conclusion was reached that the death of the The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the above bill, beg soldier was not due to his army service. The committee are of the opinion that when the ulcers of the legs dried up I the Committee on Invalid Pensions of the Fiftieth Congress made a favorable leave to report that they have had the same under consideration, and find that Page 20
tumors of chest, abdomen, and thigh, on the march from Fort Henry to Fort "This claimant furnishes ample evidence of soundness at time of enlistment "The medical board rate his disabilities as total. incurring the disease in the line of in the service, owing to the fact that the members of the band were not with duty, and recommend the passage of the bill.” the regiment when traversing the country from Fort Henry to Fort Donelson, Tenn. The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recom- GEORGE FAULK. The next business on the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 4904) limitations of the pension laws, the name of George Faulk, late of Company F, The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recom Tenth Ohio Cavalry. mendation that it do pass. The report (by Mr. LANE) is as follows: The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the above bill, WESLEY W. TAYLOR. beg leave to report that they have considered the same and find that said bili The next business on the Calendar was the bill (H. R. 4414) for the passed the Senate at the Forty-ninth Congress at its first session, and your com mittee adopt the Senate report as their own, which is as follows: relief of Wesley W. Taylor. "The records in this case show the claimant enlisted October 9, 1862, and was The bill was read, as follows: sent to Camp Cleveland, Ohio, where claimant did all the duties assigned him, Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au until about January 12, 1863, when he contracted inflammation of the lungs, and thorized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and was so seriously sick that when the mustering officer came he would not muslimitations of the pension laws, the name of Wesley D. Taylor, late a private ter claimant into the service, and he was discharged. in Company D, Seventy-ninth Regiment Illinois Infantry. “The affidavit of his commanding officer states that claimant was a rugged man from the time of his enlistment until he was taken sick in January. The report (by Mr. LANE) was read, as follows: “Declarature for his pension filed August 23, 1881, alleging disease of lungs, The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. hemorrhage, and dizziness or fits, and general debility. Claim rejected on the 4414) granting a pension to Wesley W. Taylor, submit the following report: ground that claimant was a rejected recruit and never in the service of the United States. “The testimony is to the effect that claimant was sound and rugged prior to enApplication for pension was made March, 1880, for disability of right arm and listment, and that the disease which has permanently disabled him was incurred left eye, contracted in Tennessee in December, 1862. The record in this case is while the regiment was waiting to be mustered into the United States service. quite voluminous, and it shows that the soldier went through the medical mill Had claimant been mustered in the day he enlisted, and then have incurred the of the Bureau four times at four different places. After a special examination Office; that he was not mustered in was no fault of claimant, as he waited from disabilities proven, he would have been entitled to pension from the Pension the claim was rejected December 14, 1886, on the ground of “no record, and no competent testimony showing origin orexistence in the service,” and on appeal waiting to be mustered in. October 5, 1862, until January, 1863, in camp, doing all the duties assigned, and this ruling was affirmed by the Department, Charles Newcomb, a neighbor of the soldier, testifies that he knew him before “The certificate of the examining surgeons of the Pension Office, dated Septembe enlisted and that he was a sound and able-bodied man when he volunteered; ber 24, 1884, states that the claimant has a serious disease of the heart, and rates and that his right arm and left eye are seriously affected; and that they were his disability total. when he returned home from the Army discharged for disability, and have so "Taking into consideration all the evidence on file in this case, the committee continued ever since. This statement is substantially sustained by the testi believe it to be their duty to report in favor of this bill and recommend its mony of seven or eight other witnesses, some of them further stating that the passage.” soldier had spotted fever and that they helped to load him on a wagon and he The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recom- . was so taken to the hospital while in the Army. Daniel H. H. Hurtson, a comrade, testifies that the soldier was a healthy man mendation that it do pass. when he went into the service, and on December 8, 1862, at or near La Vergne, MANUEL GARCIA. Tenn., the soldier was stricken down with disease and that he helped to load the soldier on a wagon and he was sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tenn., and The next business on the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 3535) that since his return home he has been affected in his right arm and left eye, to grant a pension to Manuel Garcia. and that the soldier is unfit to perform manual labor. It is impossible to give a full abstract of the testimony in this case, and the The bill is as follows: committee must content itself by saying that the testimony is incontestable that Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authis man was sound and healthy when he went into the Army. He was very thorized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and sick in the Army with spotted fever or cerebro-spinal meningitis, or something limitations of the pension laws, the name of Manuel Garcia, late of Company I, akin to it, and was discharged from the Army for disability. This, it seems to us, Eighth New Jersey Volunteers. makes at least a prima facie case. It is attempted to show that after he come home he was able to do some work The report (by Mr. LANE) is as follows: and in fact did some service in the recruiting service for the Government, and The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. in fact this is sworn to by some witnesses; but no other sickness is shown at 3535) granting a pension to Manuel Garcia, submit the following report : any time as to this soldier, and there is no dispute that he is now totally unfit That the committee find that the Committee on Invalid Pensions of last Confor manual labor, because of the loss of the use of the right arm, and we think gress made a favorable report on this bill, which report this committee adopt that it is not unreasonable to conclude that his disabilities are due to his Army as their own and which is in the following language: service, and unless he is placed on the pension-roll he must be supported by “Claimant was a private in Company I, Eighth New Jersey Volunteers; he charity or placed in the almshouse. enlisted August 6, 1864, and was discharged July 2, 1865. We recommend that the bill do pass. “The reason a pension was not granted by the Department is that there is no The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recom- testimony to show origin in line of duty, or to show condition at discharge, or mendation that it do pass. prior fo 1870, and no medical testimony. Claimant states that he is unable to furnish testimony as to his physical condition prior to enlistment, for the reason WILLIAM CARROLL. that he was at sea for seven years prior to his enlistment; that he came into port on the 5th of August, 1864, and enlisted on the 6th of August, 1864; that he The next business on the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 3228) was examined by Edgar Holden, Government surgeon, and passed into the for the relief of William Carroll. service of the United Slates. , , The bill is as follows: sworn, says Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au *** That he did not know the claimant prior to enlistment; but that he knew thorized to place on the pension-roll the name of William Carroll, late a private of his being taken sick while in the intrenchments in front of Petersburgh, Va.; in Company D, Thirty-sixth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a that he treated him for rheumatism and varicosed condition of limbs; that pension, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws. while lying in camp in the rear of Alexandria, Va., the intense heat produced inflammation of eyelids; that claimant was then sent to the hospital, and he The report (by Mr. LANE) is as follows: saw no more of him up to the present time.' The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. “J. B. Davison, a physician, testifies : 3228) granting a pension to William Carroll, submit the following report: "That he examined claimant in 1866; that he found the veins of the legs in a The committee find that this bill had been considered by the Committee on varicose condition; that he found the second toe on the left foot stiff and useInvalid Pensions of the last Congress and made a favorable report thereon, less.' which report this committee adopts as their own, and is as follows: : Edwin H. Hollister and Reuben G. Hollister, of Coe, Rock Island ('ounty, "Said Čarroll was enrolled on October 5, 1861, and mustered out July 27, 1863, Illinois, being duly sworn, testify: with his company: He enlisted at the age of seventeen years in a strange com " That they have known the claimant for five years; that he worked for them; mand, and his claim has been rejected by the Pension Department because he that his eye-sight was poor and from some cause he was very awkward with is unable to furnish evidence proving the incurrence of his disability-disease his legs, and that from their own personal knowledge he could not do more of lungs and deafness in right ear. than one-half a man's work. “He states under oath that he contracted lung disease and deafness in the "As the claimant was examined by Edgar Holden, a Government surgeon, Shenandoah Valley, Va., in September, 1864, as a result of hard marching and and passed as physically sound and in absence of testimony to the contrary, continuous exposure. He states under oath that he was never treated while in we assume that he was a sound man when admitted into the service. And the service for either of these diseases, and that he is unable to furnish evi the other testimony proves that he was taken sick in the service and was treated dence of comrades. He says: for rheumatism and varicose veins and inflamed eyes, and that from said causes " I did not complain to any one when I became afflicted; was marching when he has been continuously disabled ever since. Your committee conclude from lungs began to hurt me. 1 began falling back, with the intention of dropping these facts that the claimant was disabled in the service and is entitled to a penout, when I heard the surgeon of my regiment cursing those who were falling sion, and therefore respectfully reccommend the passage of this bill.” out of ranks, charging them with cowardice, and then I resolved to go on. I was in the act of reporting to the surgeon when I heard him cursing those who The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recomfell out of ranks.' mendation that it do pass. Page 21
relief he asks for is but simple justice, and they would therefore recommend and made a part hereof, was made and the bill passed both branches of Conthat the bill do pass. gress, but failed to become a law, not receiving the signature of the President. [House Report No. 281, Fiftieth Congress, first session.] Your committee, believing it to be a meritorious case, clearly shown, would recommend that the bill do pass. “The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 2663) for the relief of Alonzo Alden, submit the following report: "That Alonzo Alden, the soldier, enlisted in the United States service April [House Report No. 906, Fiftieth Congress, first session.] 18, 1861, as a private in the Thirtieth Regiment New York Volunteers, May 14, 1861, was made a second lieutenant, and June 10, 1862, was made first lieutenant granting a pension to William H. Brimmer, submit the following report: "The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 5247) and regimental adjutant; September 17, 1862, transferred to the One hundred and sixty-ninth Regiment New York Volunteers and commissioned as major; New York Cavalry, September 5, 1864, and was discharged May 30, 1865, by gen “That the soldier, William H. Brimmer, enlisted in Company K, Twenty-first made lieutenant-colonel March 2, 1864, and colonel June 1, 1864. eral order. “That while major he was wounded at Edenton road by a fragment of shell, "In his affidavit he states that at the time of his enlistment he was a sound, which entirely disabled him for a short period. robust, and healthy man, and able to perform any kind of manual labor. On “It appears from the petition and evidence on file in the Pension Office that his enlistment he was examined and received after said examination. That at the battle of Cold Harbor, June 1, 1861, Alden was shot by a rebel sharp while in the service, and while at Cumberland Gup, he was detailed with others shooter, the bullet striking the right side of his neck at the base of his head, to carry sacks of corn delivered at regimental headquarters to his company; passing into his neck diagonally, cutting off the lower portion of his right ear, that this carrying caused a weakness in his bowels, accompanied with much reaching the neighborhood of the spine at the base of the brain, where it still pain, which has since continued, progressing until it has developed into hernia. remains. “That at the taking of Fort Fisher and the explosion of the enemy's maga "That he was not treated while in the service, although the difficulty and pain continued. zine which there occurred Alden was thrown about 30 feet against a traverse, “That he was not aware of the hernia until afterwards. and a mass of timber and sand fell upon him, fracturing his right thigh and otherwise injuring him and bruising his body, which rendered him unconscious 1878; that afterwards he was treated by Dr. Charles N. Reynolds, who pro “That he was treated for this difficulty by Dr. Dickinson, who died in January, for nearly five weeks; that Alden was mustered out of the service August 6, 1865, nounced it a case of hernia, not then fully developed. holding the rank of colonel and brigadier-general by brevet. “That his application for a pension has been rejected at the Pension Office for "That July 19, 1865, he was granted a pension at the rate of $30 per month, the reason that he has been unable to furnish the evidence as to origin of disaand afterwards increased to $30 per month, commencing June 22, 1887. bility, as required by the rules of that office. "Alden can not receive $72 per month for the reason that the act of June 16, 1880, granting the same, is confined by its express terms to persons then receiv- soldier for about ten years. He further says: “Dr. Charles N Reynolds testifies that he is a physician and has known the ing $50 per month. So that the highest rate which the soldier could receive “Some time in the year 1880 or 1881 William H. Brimmer consulted me about a when his pension was raised to $50 per month, as aforesaid, was the sum of $50 trouble with his side and groin, complaining of great pains and tenderness in per month allowed him. All the evidence on the application was very clear, the right groin, spreading from thence over more or less of the right side; shoot, convincing, and consistent, conclusively showing that he would have been en ing pains into the back, followed by weakness, trembling, and faintness, and titled to the sum of $72 per month if the Pension Bureau could have allowed it occasionally nausea, the attacks coming on very suddenly and at any time, neunder the law. cessitating his sitting or lying down wherever he might be at the time. On ex“We quote but from one affidavit, that of R. B. Bontecou, M.D., a resident of amination I came to the conclusion that Mr. Brimmer was suffering from an inthe city of Troy, of forty years' standing in his profession, serving as surgeon complete oblique inguinal hernia. Mr. Brimmer seemed somewhat to doubt in the field from 1861 until the close of the war, breveted colonel by President the conclusion, saying the symptoms be now presented were the same he had Lincoln for distinguished services as a surgeon, for twenty years past assistant experienced while in the Army, and at intervals ever since, the only difference, surgeon at the Watervliet arsenal, and now in the practice of his profession in if any, being in point of severity and frequency. But the correctness of the the city of Troy aforesaid, and now and for years past a member of the board of diagnosis was fully demonstrated in two or three months by a protrusion of the examining surgeons appointed by the Government to examine applicants for sac through the external ring. Mr. Brimmer is obliged to wear a truss all the pension, who states, in his affidavit of December 14, 1887, that he'knew Alonzo time, and has been since it first came down. For the seven or eight years past Alden before enlistment and has lived in the same city with him and met him it has entirely prevented his following his work of turning or standing at the daily, and would have known if he was unsound before enlistment, which he saw.' was not; have known and seen him almost daily, when he was at home, for “Lawrence Luvey states in his affidavit that he was a private in Company E, the last twenty-two years, and know from seeing him daily and from examining in the same regiment to which Brimmer belonged; that he was well acquainted him professionally that he has been crippled since his return from the war, par- with him before his enlistment. That he was then 'a strong, healthy man, and tially in his leg and more especially in his head and spine-the result of a gun free from any rupture.' That they were often required to carry large sacks of shot wound, the ball entering just in front of the right mastoid process and lodg corn from the regimental headquarters to the company headquarters. That ing deeply near the base of the brain, where it is still concealed, and giving rise since his (affiant's) discharge in 1865 he has lived near Brimmer and seen him to cerebrospinal meningitis, so that he can not use his arms or his legs for any manual labor, nor can he transact businesa on account of the pain and constant ing of a weakness in his right groin, and at times, when he (aftiant) was at work about every day; that when he first came home in 1865 Brimmer was complainirritation caused thereby. "That I have seen him in several of these paroxysms of acute mania result for firm to which Brimmer belonged, he (Brimmer) would be obliged to stop ing from said gunshot wound, and he is obliged to be under restraint to prevent work and lie down and rest until the pain would somewhat cease, and that Brimhim from dashing his brains out and inflicting bodily harm on himself, so great is compelled to carry corn at Cumberland Gap. mer at that time said he had had this same difficulty about him since they were his agony at times. That I have been in constant daily attendance upon him Ezra B. Chase testifies that he has been a partner in business with Brimmer from May 7, 1887, to June 20, 1887, and during that time prescribed powerful since April, 1866, and worked with him most of the time, and describes the ex. ing in the wearing of a truss. * The wife of Brimmer, who was married to him before his enlistment, testifies or more persons. that before his enlistment he was a sound, healthy man, free from any rupture; "• When he has paroxysms of acute mania, as he frequently does, he requires that on his return from the Army he complained of soreness and weakness in the constant attendance of several persons to restrain him from doing himself his right groin, rendering him at times unable to do anything; that this conbodily harm. He is wholly disabled for any labor or employment, and this de- tinued growing worse until it developed into an open rupture and rendered a ponent further says that the location of the ball above mentioned' is such that truss necessary. to attempt to remove it would greatly endanger General Alden's life and would "The high character of Brimmeris certified by the member of Congress introprobably produce his death; that in the opinion of this deponent no prudent | ducing the bill. surgeon would dare to undertake the operation; and that in the opinion of this “The evidence satisfies the committee that the hernia which the soldier now deponent no essential improvement in the patient's condition will ever occur." "Theexamining board of surgeons in their report to the Pension Bureau, dated has had its origin in the line of duty while in the Army, and although he may June 22, 1887, state as follows: be unable to furnish the evidence required by the rules and practice of the Pen sion Office he is entitled to relief, and therefore recommend that the bill do pass One of the members of this board has been in attendance on him for several with the following amendment: months past, has seen him daily, and knows that he suffers constantly with “Strike out all after the word 'volunteers,' in the eighth line thereof." pain in his head and spine; that he has frequent violent paroxysms of delirium and acute mania, requiring force to control him, apparently due to cerebrospinal irritation, We believe that this condition of his nervous system is mendation that it do pass. The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recomdue to the gunshot wound of head, and that he is totally unfit for any occupation, and requires the constant attendance of some person to assist him in ABBIE D. JOHNSON. dressing, and at table to prepare his food, as he is unable to cut it or dress himself.' The next business on the Calendar was the bill (H. R. 4420) granting “The committee, after considering all the evidence in the case, are of the opinion that it is a very just and meritorious case, and recommend the passage of the a pension to Abbie D. Johnson. bill as amended, and that the bill be amended by striking out the words 'one The bill was read, as follows: hundred,' in the seventh line thereof, and inserting in lieu thereof the words 'seventy-two.' Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au thorized and directed to place on the pension-roll of the United States the name The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the recom- of Abbie D. Johnson, widow of Charles J. Johnson, late of Company H, One hunmendation that it do pass. dred and forty-eighth Regiment of New York Volunteers, subject to the pro visions and limitations of the pension laws. WILLIAM H. BRIMMER. The report (by Mr. SAWYER) was read, as follows: The next business on the Private Calendar was the bill (H. R. 3636) The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. granting a pension to William H. Brimmer. 4420) granting a pension to Abbie D. Johnson, have considered the same and reThe bill was read, as follows: port: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, au Charles J. Johnson, the deceased husband of claimant, enlisted as a private thorized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and August 31, 1862; was promoted to second lieutenant February 2, 1864; he was limitations of the pension laws, the name of William H. Brimmer, of Stephen- ing the index finger of that hand and wounding the other three fingers. He severely wounded in the right hand at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864, the ball severtown, N. Y., late a private in Company K, Twenty-first Regiment of New York Cavalry Volunteers. was mustered in as first lieutenant, Company C, same regiment, October 15, 1864. In the spring of 1865 he was the acting provost-marshal of the brigade. The report (by Mr. SAWYER).was read, as follows: At Fair Oaks, Va., October 27, 1861, he was wounded in the head. He was honorably discharged May 14, 1865. He was again commissioned sec- he did not draw pension York Cavalry. for wound of head. He committed suicide on 26th of March, 1885, by shooting In the Fiftieth Congress a bill was introduced placing him upon the pension- himself in the head. For some years before his death he showed marked symproll. After this, in order to comply with the requirements of this committee, he toms of insanity, and ever since he was wounded in the head, as shown by the sled his claim at the Pension Office, and the same was rejected on account of testimony, he complained of a peculiar sensation in the head which he described is inability to furnish the evidence required. This action was not unex- as a feeling of the hair rising out of his head.” He was also sun-struck while pected. in his second service, which affected his head and eyes ever after. He was melIn this case in the last Congress a favorable report, which is hereto annexed ancholy for the last few years of his life, and met difficulties which surrounded Page 22
diers who are not covered sufficiently by the act to bring them within where he was under treatment until April, 1864, when discharged, apparently , having recovered. the provisions of the law-such as were placed upon frontier duty or The superintendent of said asylum, in letter to soldier's family, dated August were on other duties, and yet who come within this rule. And it was 24, 1863, says: on account of the age and peculiar condition of the applicant for the *Your son's disease is a severe form of mania, and whatever may have been pension that in this instance the arrears were granted. We thought it his predisposition to mental trouble, there can be no doubt but that his expos. ure to sun and weather, his privations, his long and protracted marches, and lhe just and right, and hope it will be allowed to stand as it is. whole arıny life of the Fifteenth Regiment, of which I have quite an intimate Mr. BYNUM. I believe the Speaker suggested that a simple motion knowledge, stand to his present disorder in the relation of an existing cause.” to strike out all after the word "month” would accomplish the object was only temporary. After engaging in business his mind again became affected, The evidence further shows that the recovery from this mental disturbance I had in view. and on February 11, 1875, he was admitted to the Boston Lunatic Hospital. The TheSPEAKER. That would accomplish the object of the gentleman. record of admission shows that "there is no known hereditary predisposition in the case. Patient has various delusions, but is quiet and has at no time been The Clerk read the amendment, as follows: violent." In the course of treatment he was, under proper guard, permitted to Strike out all after the word "month," in the seventh line. take boat rides, and while thus exercising, on September 8, 1875, jumped overThe amendment was agreed to. board, as shown by the records of the hospital, from which exposure he con. tracted pneumonia, from the effects of which he died September 19, 1875. The bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; In the opinion of your committee this soldier's death cause is clearly shown and it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. to be at least indirectly chargeable to his military service. The insanity fol lowing so closely upon his discharge for disability, without any hereditary preBRIDGET CARROLL, disposition, can reasonably sure be attributed to the hardships and exposure Mr. MOFFITT. I move that the Committee of the Whole be dis- incident to the long and existing campaign during which he served. That death charged from further consideration of the bill (H. R. 2302) granting a roThe committee, believing the cases meritorious, report favorably on the ac followed an exposure during such insanity a The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; and it was a AMASA CHASE. tee of the Whole from the further consideration of the bill (H. R. 5995) The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of granting a pension to Amasa Chase, and ask for its immediate considthe bill? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. eration. The bill was read, as follows: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, au2302) granting a pension to Bridget Carroll, have had the same under consider- thorized and directed to place on the pension-roll, subject to the provisions and ation, and beg leave to submit the following report: limitations of the pension laws, the name of Amasa Chase, late of Company C, The facts in the case are fully set forth in the report of the Committee on In- One hundred and twenty-second Regiment New York Volunteers. valid Pensions, Fiftieth Congress, which is as follows: The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Illinois desire the read- ing of the report? The Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. "Sergeant Carroll was in a small sail-boat with two other men, and the boat 5995) granting a pension to Amasa Chase, submit the following report: was capsized near the shore. One of his comrades tried to save him, but your The claimant enlisted as private in Company C, One hundred and twenty-secbrother was entangled in the sail and ropes, and, unable to swim, was dead be ond New York Volunteers, July 30, 1862, and was mustered out of service June fore relief could reach him. * * Sergeant Carroll was a good soldier and 23, 1865. His claim for pension on account of chronic diarrhea, rheumatism, and non-commissioned officer, and his death is deplored by his comrades and his malarial poisoning has been rejected by the Pension Office on the ground that, in the opinion of the medical referee, the disability found to exist by medical officers.' “Having been drowned while off duty the mother is not entitled to pension examination is due to old age rather than the army service, he being about seventy-seven years of age. The only record of any disability during service is treatment for debility in it appears that the soldier left neither wife nor minor child surviving him; that the summer of 1864. The regimental surgeon testifies that soldier did suffer he aided in the support of his parents; that they never possessed any real or from the alleged disabilities and received treatment therefor at the field hos. personal property producing any income; that the father of the soldier died in pital. The surgeon also remembered that about April, 1865, claimant, who had the poor-house a short time before the latter's death, and that the mother at been color-sergeant, became so debilitated from disease that he was obliged to the age of seventy-six years is dependent upon others for support. give up the colors. Comrades also testify that he suffered from alleged dis eases while in service. The evidence as to continuance of disability since dis“Nearly ten years' honorable service of the son clearly entitles the mother under these circumstances to the favorable consideration of Congress. charge is satisfactory. Medical examination shows abdo en tender, lumbar “The bill is therefore returned with the recommendation that it do pass.” muscles tender on each side of spine. Can not raise left arm above level of Your committee are likewise of opinion that the claim is meritorious, and shoulder; there is epigastric pulsation of heart, action irregular. therefore recomniend the passage of the accompanying bill. There is evidentiy considerable disability, and while some of it may be due to age, yet your committee are unwilling to attribute all thereto in the face of The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; and it was nearly three years' faithful service and the evidence heretofore referred to, accordingly read the third time, and passed. clearly showing the incurrence of disability during such a service. The bill is therefore returned with the recommendation that it do pass, LUCY R. OLMSTEAD. amended, however, by inserting, after the word “Volunteers," in line 7, the words “at the rate of $12 per month.” Mr. BELDEN. I move that the Committee of the Whole be discharged from the farther consideration of the bill (H. R. 3382) grant- the bill ? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. The question is upon The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of ing a pension to Lucy R. Olmstead, and ask for its immediate consid . eration, the adoption of the amendment recommended by the committee. The bill was read, as follows: Mr. BYNUM. Do I understand that that amendment recommends Beit enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, author that the amount be put in the bill? If so, why is there that unusual ized and directed to place on the pension-rolls, subject to the provisions and provision in this bill? Why not let the amount be fixed according to limitations of the pension laws, the name of Lucy R. Olmstead, widow of Mont- the disability, as in all other cases ? gomery Olmstead, late Company E, Thirteenth Massachusetts Volunteers. Mr. BELDEN. That would be the same amount ander the usual The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of limitation, the bill? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Mr. BYNUM. It may be unjust to the soldier; I do not know. Mr. LANE. Let the report be read. Mr. BELDEN. It is the same amount. The SPEAKER. The Chair would state that the reading of the re- Mr. BYNUM. If his disability should increase there would be no port is a matter which gentlemen can request at the present time as power to raise the amount; but I make no objection. part of their remarks upon the question; but there is no rule which The amendment was agreed to. requires the report to be read. The bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading; The SPEAKER. Without objection, the report can be read by the sider be laid on the table. Clerk. The latter motion was agreed to. Mr. KILGORE. I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 10 o'clock and 22 3382) granting a pension to Lucy R. Olmstead, submit the following report: minutes p. m.), in accordance with previous order, the House adjourned Lucy R. Olmstead is the widow of Montgomery Olmstead, who enlisted July until Monday, February 24, at 12 o'clock, noon. , REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Under the rule, the following reports were filed and referred as folchargeable to his military service. lows : It is shown by the record that soldier was also treated for general debility LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES OF SAMUEL HEIN. prior to discharge, which condition continued until the following July, when it became necessary to place him in the insane asylum at Somerville, Mass., Mr. LAIDLAW, from the Committee on Claims, reported back with Page 23
I move that the resolution be referred to the Committee on Privileges A bill (H. R. 5486) granting a pension to Eugenia A. Helston; and Elections. A bill (H. R. 5516) to increase the pension of Alonzo Alden; Mr. BUTLER. Let us have the resolution read again. A bill (H. R. 5702) granting a pension to Ann Bryan; The VICE-PRESIDENT. The the resolution will be read. A bill (H. R. 5849) granting a pension to Catharine Sapp; The Chief Clerk read the resolution of Mr. CHANDLER. A bill (H. R. 5995) granting a pension to Amasa Chase; Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, I now ask that the resolution be A bill (H. R. 6328) granting a pension to Jane Reynolds; and printed and go over until to-morrow. If it is deemed proper to refer it A biíl (H. R. 6825) granting a pension to Mary A. Wood. to a committee, as I think it is, the Senate can then determine to what The bill (H. R. 2239) for the relief of the heirs of John H. Jones and committee. It seems to me, however, that when there is a complaint of the heirs of Thomas D. Harris was read twice by its title, and rethat the rules have been violated the Committee on Rules ought to be ferred to the Committee on Claims. the best judge as to whether they have been violated, and, if violated, PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. to what extent violated. But that is a question which we can determine to-morrow when we have the resolution printed. The VICE-PRESIDENT presented a letter from the secretary of tho The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection being made State of South Dakota, transmitting a memorial to Congress from the Mr. TELLER. I ask the Senator from Tennessee if he will withhold Legislature of that State, relative to the establishment of a soldiers' his motion for a moment? home at Hot Springs, S. Dak.; ,which, with the accompanying paper, Mr. HARRIS. Certainly I will and I hope the Senator will renew it. was referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. TELLER. I want to make one explanation. I think the Sen- He also presented a letter from the clerks of the senate and louse of ator from Florida (Mr. CALL] misunderstood my remarks. I did not representatives of Massachusetts, transmitting resolutions adopted in intend to intimate in any way that he was guilty of anything which concurrence by those bodies relative to the transfer of the jurisdiction was charged. My whole suggestion was a tentative one, and I did not of the revenue marine from the Treasury to the Navy Department; express any opinion on the matter, and do not intend to even intimate which, with the accompanying papers, was ordered to lie on the table. that I have any feeling about it. I have not examined it. I do not Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. I have received two petitions addressed to want the Senator to go away with the impression that I bave made any me personally, but evidently intended by the persons communicating charge against him. them to be brought to the attention of the Senate, inasmuch as they Mr. CALL. I do not so understand it. relate to an important subject pending in this body. The first is a resoMr. HARRIS. I now renew my motion. lution of the Center Monthly Meeting of Friends, of Jasper County, The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection being made, the resolution will Iowa, consisting of 100 members, protesting against the passage of an go over and be printed. act making an appropriation for the construction of a navy. The other is a resolution of the New Sharon Monthly Meeting of Friends, of Ma. PENSIONS TO SOLDIERS AND DEPENDENT RELATIVES. haska County, Iowa, protesting against the passage of an act making an Mr. DAVIS. I desire at this time to give notice that at the close of appropriation for the construction of a navy. I ask that they may be the morning business on Friday next I shall move that the Senate pro- received and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ceed to the consideration of Order of Business 156, being the bill (S. 389) The VICE-PRESIDENT. They will be so referred. granting pensions to ex-soldiers and sailors who are incapacitated for Mr. PIERCE. I present a petition signed by John Miller, governor the performance of manual labor, and providing for pensions to de- of North Dakota; George F. Goodwin, attorney-general; John Flittie, pendent relatives of deceased soldiers and sailors. secretary of state; W. Mitchell, superintendent of public instruction; ASSASSINATION OF W. B. SAUNDERS. J. P. Bray, auditor of State; L. E. Booker, State treasurer, and A. L. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communication Carey, commissioner of insurance, of North Dakota, praying for the I move that it lie on the table. from the Attorney-General, transmitting, in response to a resolution of passage of the Blair educational bill. the 20th instant, the report of John R. Mizell, United States marshal, The motion was agreed to. in reference to the killing of W. B. Saunders, late United States deputy tion of the United States, praying for the passage of a bill regulating Mr. HAWLEY presented a petition of the National Guard Associamarshal, at Quincy, Fla.; which, on motion of Mr. INGALLS, was, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, appointments in the Army from civil life; which was referred to tho and ordered to be printed. Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. PASCO presented the memorial of W. A. S. Wheeler and 22 HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. others, merchants and mercantile firms of Pensacola, Fla., interested in The following bills, received from the House of Representatives, were shipping and commerce, remonstrating against the features of the legisseverally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on lation now pending under the act known as the Dingley bill, which Pensions: takes from the States the power to authorize what is usually termed A bill (H. R. 1282) for the relief of John Debart; compulsory pilotage; which was referred to the Committee on ComA bill (H. R. 2011) granting a pension to Susanna Mitts; merce. A hill (H. R. 2012) granting a pension to William V. Cronk; He also presented a resolution adopted by the city council of Cedar A bill (H. R. 2014) granting a pension to Anna Haarstick; Keys, Fla., favoring the improvement of the entrance to Cumberland A bill (H. R. 2015) granting a pension to Mary Personeus; Sound, particularly in view of the development of new industries in A bill (H. R. 2049) to grant a pension to Jacob E. Goudy; Florida, among them the valuable deposits of phosphate that will be A bill (H. R. 2057) for the relief of Barent S. Van Buren; largely marketed in foreign countries; which was referred to the ComA hill (H. R. 2302) granting a pension to Bridget Carroll; mittee on Commerce. A bill (H. R. 2769) granting a pension to Isaac Clark; Mr. SAWYER presented a petition of citizens of Sturgeon Bay, A bill (H. R. 3225) granting an increase of pension to Daniel M. Mr. PETTIGREW presented a petition of 40 farmers, of South Da- kota, praying for the enactment of laws prohibiting the selling of A bill (H. R. 3228) for the relief of William Carroll; promises to deliver grain and other farm products by persons not the A bill (H. R. 3381) for restoration to the pension-rolls of Nelson G. owners thereof; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture Edwards; and Forestry. A bill (H. R. 3382) granting a pension to Lucy R. Olmstead; He also presented a petition of the senate and house of representaA bill (H. R. 3535) to grant a pension to Manuel Garcia; tives of South Dakota, praying that the agreement with the Sioux InA bill (H. R. 3543) to grant a pension to John Green Reed; dians to sell a portion of the Sisseton reservation in South Dakota be A bill (H. R. 3581) to pension John D. Prator for service in the In- ratified by Congress; which was referred to the Committee on Indian dian war; Affairs. of Sunday and also as to instruction in public schools; which was reA bill (H. R. 4414) for the relief of Wesley W. Taylor; ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor. A bill (H. R. 4129) to grant a pension to Daniel J. Cox; Mr. PLATT presented the petition of Joseph Wipper and others, citiA bill (H. R. 4180) granting a pension to Mary C. Upton; zens of New Haven, Conn., praying for the passage of House biil 3863, A bill (H. R. 4181) granting a pension to David Doty; fixing the maximum pay of letter-carriers at $1,200 a year, and proA bill (H. R. 4247) granting a pension to Mrs. Jane Potts; viding for substitutes at $200 a year; which was referred to the ComA bill (H. R. 4420) granting a pension to Abbie D. Johnson; mittee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. A bill (H. R. 4421) to increase the pension of Horace B. Lewis; He also presented a petition of the Hartford (Conn.) Typographical A bill (H. R. 4531) for the relief of William D. Hummer; Union, No. 127, of Hartford, Conn., praying that the wages of composiA bill (H. R. 4789) granting a pension to George Dodge; tors in the Government Printing Office be restored to the rate which A bill (H. R. 4904) granting a pension to George Faulk; prevailed prior to March 3, 1877; which was referred to the Committee A bill (H. R. 5162) granting a pension to William R. Scurlock; on Printing bill (H. R. 5205) granting a pension to Richard D. McKinney; Mr. BLAIR presented the petition of Rev. W. H. Thomas, Rev. J. Page 24
Post-Office Department, to whom the question was referred by Postmaster-Gen- shall be at the expense of the owners of said bridge or the parties controlling The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, was read published from the State of New York, presented under chapter 119 of the laws the third time, and passed. of 1883. Said statement to exhibit the gross amount of the earnings of the postmasters MISSOURI RIVER BRIDGE AT PIERRE. for each term of service thus ascertained, and the amount of salary paid for each The bill (S. 1849) to authorize the construction of a bridge across the of said terms of service, and the difference between what was paid them and Missouri River between the city of Pierre, in Hughes County, and Stanwhat they would have received as commission under the act of fisht by rulepro-ley County, in the State of South Dakota was considered as in Commulgated by Postmaster-General Gresham on the 16th day of February, 1881. mittee of the Whole. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE. The bill was reported from the Committee on Commerce with amendMr. EVARTS. I desire to give notice that on Wednesday, after the ments. morning business, I shall call up Calendar No. 376, being a privileged The first amendment was to add, at the end of section 1, "and apquestion, and being the resolution reported from the Committee on proved by the Secretary of War.” Privileges and Elections relative to the election of a President pro tem The amendment was agreed to. pore of the Senate. The next amendment was, in section 3, line 13, after the word "time,” CONSIDERATION OF BRIDGE BILLS. to strike out "substantially or materially;" in line 17, after the word Mr. JONES, of Arkansas. I ask the unanimous consent of the Sen-“cause,”' to insert "the entire removal thereof cr;" in line 20, after ate that the remainder of the time to-day until 2 o'clock be devoted to the word “obstructions,'' to insert the word “obstructions,” to insert “or the entire structure;” and in the consideration of bridge bills on the Calendar favorably reported line 26, after the word “in,'' to strike out“which” and insert “whose from the Committee on Commerce. jurisdiction;" so as to read: The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FRYE in the chair). The Senator No bridge shall be erected or maintained under the authority of this act which from Arkansas asks unanimous consent that the remainder of the hour erected under such authority shall, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, ob shall at any time obstruct the free navigation of said river, and if any bridge until 2 o'clock be occupied in the consideration of bridge bills on the struct such navigation, he is hereby authorized to cause the entire removal Calendar. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so or- thereof or such change or alteration of said bridge to be made as will effectually dered. The first bridge bill on the Calendar will be announced. obviate such obstruction, and all such alterations shall be made and all such obstructions or the entire structure shall be removed at the expense of the Mr. JONES, of Arkansas. Calendar No. 281, Senate bill 2026, is the owner or owners of said bridge, and in case of any litigation arising from any first. obstruction or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river, caused or alleged to be caused by said bridge, the case may be brought in the district court ARKANSAS RIVER BRIDGE AT LITTLE ROCK. of the United States of the State of South Dakota in whose jurisdiction any porThe Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the tion of said obstruction or bridge may be located. bill (S. 2026) authorizing the construction of a free bridge across the The amendment was agreed to. Arkansas River, connecting Little Rock and Argenta, Ark. The next amendment was, in section 3, line 40, at the beginning of The bill was reported from the Committee on Commerce with amend the line, to insert the word “ the line, to insert the word "a" before " railroad." ments. The amendment was agreed to. The first amendment was, in section 1, line 8, after the word "river,” The next amendment was, at the end of section 6, to strike out the to insert "by reason of the construction of said bridge;" so as to read: words “date thereof” and insert "time this act takes effect;" so as That is shall be lawful for the county of Pulaski, State of Arkansas, to build to read: a free foot, wagon, and street-railway bridge across the Arkansas River, at the Sec. 6. That this act shall be null and void if actual construction of the bridge city of Little Rock, in Arkansas; and in case of any litigation arising from any herein authorized be not commenced within one year and completed within obstruction or alleged obstruction to the free navigation of said river by reason three years from the time this act takes effect. of the construction of said bridge, the cause may be tried before the district court of the United States having jurisdiction over that portion of the State of The amendment was agreed to.. Arkansas where said bridge shall be located. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amendments The amendment was agreed to. were concurred in. The next amendment was, in section 2, line 1, after the word “that," The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the to insert "if." third time, and passed. The amendment was agreed to. MISSOURI RIVER BRIDGE AT LEXINGTON, MO. The next amendment was, in section 2, line 14, before the word The bill (S. 885) authorizing the Lexington Ponton Bridge Company “bridge-piers,” to insert"and the,” and after the word “bridge-piers,'' to construct and maintain a ponton bridge across the Missouri River, to strike out "to" and insert “shall;” and in line 15, after the word and to legalize the bridge already constructed at the city of Lexington, "to,' to insert "the," and in the same line, after the word "of,” to in the State of Missouri was announced as the next bridge bill in order insert “the;" so as to read: on the Calendar. That said draw shall be opened promptly upon reasonable signal for the pas- Mr. VEST. Let that bill be passed over without prejudice, retainsage of boats whose construction shall not be such as to admit of their passageing its place on the Calendar. under the permanent spans of said bridge; and the bridge-piers shall be parallel to the current of the river. The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will be so ordered. The amendment was agreed to. COLUMBIA RIVER BRIDGES. The next amendment was, in section 3, line 6, after “United States," The bill (S. 628) authorizing the Columbia Bridge Company to conto strike out the proviso, in the following words: struct and maintain a bridge across the Columbia River between the And provided also, That the said county of Pulaski may, if permitted by the States of Oregon and Washington and to establish the same as a postlaws of Arkansas, execute a mortgage and issue bonds payable, principal and road was announced as next in order on the Calendar. interest, in gold or United States currency. Mr. VEST. There are two of those bills reported by the Committee The amendment was agreed to. on Commerce, one introduced by the Senator from Oregon now present The next amendment was, in section 4, line 2, after the word [Mr. DOLPH] and the other by his colleague [Mr. MITCHELL]. I call “bridge,” to insert: the attention of the Senator from Oregon to these two bridge bills. And all telegraph and telephone companies shall have equal rights and privi- The Committee on Commerce amended both of them and reported them leges as to constructing their lines across said bridge. to the Senate, but it was my understanding that but one of the bills The amendment was agreed to. was to be passed. Both bills provide for bridges over the same river and The next amendment was, in section 5, line 5, after the word “county,” at not a very great distance apart. to strike out "judge” and insert "court." Mr. DOLPH. On whose motion does the bill come up now? The amendment was agreed to. Mr. VEST. It comes up regularly on the call of bridge bills on the The next amendment was to strike out section 6, in the following Calendar, words: Mr. DOLPH. I should say in regard to the next bill, which was Sec. 6. That Congress shall have power at any time to alter, amend, or repeal introduced by me, that it was introduced for a new company which is this act. very anxious to have the bill passed and proposes, as I understand, to The amendment was agreed to. huild a bridge. The other is simply authorizing an old company which The next amendment was to insert a new section, as follows: has let the time expire under a previous act to build a bridge. I do SEC. 6. That this act shall be null and void if actual construction of the bridge not like to ask to have my colleague's bill passed over, but I certainly berein authorized be not commenced within one year, and completed within shall ask to have the bill introduced by me, and which is the next on three years, from the approval of this act. the Calendar, passed. If the Senator from Missouri chooses to make The amendment was agreed to. any suggestion in that regard, I will hear him. The next amendment was to insert as an additional section: Mr. VEST. Let the bill now reached be taken up and when the Sec. 7. That Congress shall have power at any time to alter, amend, or repeal other bill is reached I shall ask that it be passed over. this act, or any part thereof, if, in its judgment, the public interests so require, and any change in the construction of the bridge hereby authorized made nec Mr. DOLPH. I do not like to have the Senate do that, because I essary by the action of Congress, or the entire removal of the same, if required, I think the next bill is the one that should be passed. Page 25
friends and advocates of education had to overcome. I hope, Mr. Pres- have reached but 2,032 833 illiterate persons who were under age. For ident, never to see this doctrine established within the limits of the what reason did its framers include in its basis of apportionment the State which I have the honor in part to represent, for it is unjust and 4,181,347 of illiterates who could not be reached by its beneficence? degrading in its tendencies and vicious in principle. Was it that by including the old and the young illiterates it appealed Mr. President, the practical operation of the provisions of this bill, as a stronger inducement to those who represent the North and West as I have intimated, will be to purchase the consent of the States to a to vote for its passage? If this was not the reason what justification partial surrender to the General Government of its common schools. can be given for this basis of apportionment? Its distrust of the State authorities, its onerous and distasteful re- Under the provisions of the bill the Northern and Western States quirements, are not its worst features. It is not satisfied that the agents would receive $17,561,467 and the sixteen Southern States would reof the Federal Government shall follow this fund into the State, stand ceive $58,428,332; but if distributed upon the basis of the illiterates guard over it while it is being distributed; and, upon the complaint of | under twenty-one years of age the Northern and Western States would its “misappropriation” or a "discriinination” in its use by a disap- receive but $10,560,775 and the sixteen Southern States would receive pointed, disgraced, or worthless scamp, the head of a me e department $66,439,224. of the Federal Government is empowered by its provisions to summon In the one case the apportionment would have been consistent with before him the State officials, with power to investigate and determine the reason given for its necessity; in the other case it is inconsistent the State's right to its apportionment. But, further than that, sir, the bill and rests upon a basis that is supported neither by reason nor justice. does not confine the Secretary of the Interior to an inquiry as to the The correctness of these figures is shown by the following table: distribution of the fund supplied from the Federal Treasury, but provides that “no State that does not distribute the moneys raised for common-school purposes equally for the education of all the children, with I. out distinction of race or color, shall be entitled to any of the benefits of this act.” This is one of the conditions upon which the appropria Census of Census of 1880: 1880: tion is made, and upon the Secretary of the Interior does the bill de Quota of States and Territories. Illiterates Quota of Minor illitvolve the duty of determining the fact whether the conditions upon the State or the State or (persons erates (per Territory, on which the acceptance was based have been observed by the State. sons un Territory on unable to the foregoing the foregoing To determine this, if complaint is made of any discrimination by write, 10 or able to basis of basis of more write, 10 to reason of race or color in the distribution of the State funds it will be $77,000,000. $77,000,000. 20 years years old). come the duty of the Secretary of the Interior under this bill to in old). vestigate and adjudge whether the State laws or the officials of the State, under whose administration the funds of the State have been dis- Maine ......... bursed, have violated the conditions upon which the appropriation has New Hampshire 22, 170 $274, 708.81 5, 601 $212, 155. 65 14, 302 177,216.30 3,527 been made. Vermont....... 133, 596.32 15,837 196, 236.51 2,836 107, 422.50 On the 28th day of January I listened to an argument made in this Rhode Island Massachusetts.... 92, 980 1, 152, 116.61 9,088 344, 236.83 Chamber upon the right of Congress to investigate a matter coming Connecticut 24,793 307, 210.44 5,043 191, 019. 63 28, 424 352, 202.22 3,588 135, 906.88 purely and absolutely within the jurisdiction of a State, and I could New York.. 219, 600 2,721, 0:66.98 27, 416 1,038, 167.99 not but envy the ability, lucidity, and logical constitutional argument Pennsylvania New Jersey. 53, 249 659, 809.18 8, 057 305, 184.44 which swept every doubt from the question; and yet we find that this Ohio 228,014 2, 825, 324.98 38, 177 1,446, 075.01 131, 847 1,633, 718.21 25, 079 bill proposes to confer upon the head of a Department, not upon even 919, 946.70 Michigan 63,723 789, 592. 67 11, 674 412, 189.79 the representatives of the State and of the people, the authority to de- | Wisconsin. Indiana... 110, 761 1, 372, 441.26 24, 879 912, 371.06 termine whether the money raised for common school purposes in the Illinois 55,558 688, 420.03 8,779 332, 5:32. 48 145, 397 1,801, 616.46 35, 614 States has been by its laws or its officers distributed without distinc- Minnesota.. 1,350, 129.60 34,546 428, 060.02 6,132 232, 268.96 tion of race or color. Iowa .... 46, 609 577,532.84 8,836 331, 691.54 Nebraska.. If Congress has not the power to investigate that question; if it is Kansas. 11,528 142, 843.63 3,211 121, 626.81 39, 476 489, 147.72 10, 883 beyond its constitutional jurisdiction, will it be maintained by any Sen 412, 228.16 ator upon this floor that the acceptance of this bill by the States will Northern Division....... 1, 338, 814 16,589, 264. 87 238, 450 9, 032, 050.35 confer a jurisdiction not conferred by the written Constitution? Can 19,414 210,559.17 5,017 190, 031.79 consent give jurisdiction to the Federal Government, except where Maryland. 134, 488 1, 666, 4412.88 33,976 1, 286, 948. 80 Virginia ............ under the provisions of the Federal Constitution consent to the exer 430, 352 5, 332, 498.25 145, 008 5, 492, 638.11 cise of the Federal power is expressly required? If Congress can not Kentucky West Virginia..... 85, 376 1,057, 895. 33 32, 497 1, 230, 926.99 348, 392 4, 316, 930.63 132, 931 obtain jurisdiction by the consent of the State, upon what constitutional North Carolina. 5,035, 183.41 463, 975 5, 749, 121.37 173, 386 6,567,544.90 Tennessee .... authority is it that we delegate to the Secretary of the Interior the South Carolina 410,722 5,089, 262. 62 165, 049 6, 251, 754.57 exercise of a power prohibited to the Federal Congress? 369, 818 4,582, 792, 26 135, 450 5, 130, 598.53 Georgia ...... 520, 416 $6, 448, 482. 66 201, 405 $7,628, 853.43 Mr. President, bas'the genius of evil and discord in this century of Alabama 433, 447 5, 370, 818. 45 166, 395 6,302, 738.59 our country's life, even during the bitterest hours of reconstruction Mississippi 80, 183 993, 548.79 29, 515 1, 119, 110.62 and hate, conceived so ingenious a plan as has been devised by this bill Missouri... 373, 201 4,624, 339.33 137, 290 5, 200, 294.37 208, 754 2,586, 674.03 to furnish the material for political and sectional heartburnings or Arkansas 78, 473 2,972, 413.87 202, 015 2,503, 170.97 83, 336 3, 156, 615.42 suggested so effectual a device to accomplish the overthrow and anni . 318, 380 3,945, 051.48 104,778 3,968, 799.21 hilation of our constitutional system? Texas...... 316, 432 3, 920, 913.78 129, 488 4,901, 768.86 Second. Are the provisions of the bill under consideration which Southern Division. 4,715, 395 58,428, 532.00 1,754, 024 66, 439, 224. 47 affect the distribution of the fund appropriated, first, between the States California.......... and, secondly, between the two races in the States, just and equitable? Oregon 53, 430 662, 051.95 8, 705 329,729. 49 7,423 91, 978.52 Mr. President, in considering this bill as it bears upon the questions Nevada....... 2, 132 80, 756.26 4,069 50,419.04 624 23, 635.98 suggested, I shall not limit my examination of its provisions to the Colorado 10, 474 129, 783.50 2,984 113, 028.47 determination whether it is just and equitable in its distribution of Washington Arizona..... 5, 842 72, 388.30 1, 659 62, 839.89 3, 889 48, 188.66 994 this appropriation to a particular section or State. This bill in its Idaho..... 37,650.90 1,778 22,031, 23 325 12, 310.41 Utah..................... operation affects every State and should be, if possible, as nearly equit- Muntana..... 8, 826 109, 363, 10 2, 923 110, 717: 90 able to the several States as the circumstances which are claimed to Dakota .... 1,707 21, 151.46 405 15, 340.66 4, 821 justify its passage will admit. 59, 737.08 1, 157 43, 825.05 Wyoming 556 6, 889.40 127 4,810.53 We, sir, have had sufficient sectional legislation by Congress to satisfy New Mexico....... 57, 156 708, 220. 88 18, 324 694, 079.65 the people of my State, and the fact that any particular measure may Pacific Division 159, 971 benefit my section of the country and injure another section would not 1,982, 203. 13 40, 359 1,528, 725.18 be an inducement that would cause me to yield to it my approval. The provisions of this bin are unjust to one section and injurious to Aggregate..................... 6,214, 180 77,000,000.00 2,032,833 77,000,000.0C the other. They antagonize the very reasons suggested by its advocates for the necessity of its passage, especially when applied to its Proportions 1 illiterate 10 years or more 1 illiterate 10 to 20 years method of apportionment of the fund between the two races. to $12.391015387388. old to $37.8781722973382. Consider, sir, first its plan of apportionment of the fund appropriated as between the States of the Union, and remember when apply- But, Mr. President, when we come to the examination of the basis ing its method that the arguments for its passage rest upon the neces- of distribution of this fund when it reaches the State, its inconsistencies, sity of removing the illiteracy in the country. If such be the true unfairness, and inequalities are indeed glaring. reason and that reason justifies its support, why is it that it is divided This bill has been discussed for eight years in Congress, and urged between the States “in that proportion which the whole number of with a pertinacity seldom equaled, upon the ground that it is the only persons in each, who, being of the age of ten years and over, can not remedy to overcome the illiteracy in the South, and especially the illitwrite, bears to the whole number of such persons in the United States ?” eracy among the blacks. This distributes the sund upon the basis of 6, 214,180 illiterates, when The representatives of that race have been appealed to in every form the census shows that even if the bill had been passed in 1880 it would and been made to believe that it is a bill framed especially in their in Page 26
Mr. BLOUNT. That is true; but the House has had no opportunity Mr. ARNOLD with Mr. FORNEY. Mr. DARLINGTON with Mr. COTHRAN. Mr. BUCHANAN, of New Jersey, with Mr. WHITTHORNE. paired on all political questions, including contested-election cases, un- BIGGS for St. Louis. Mr. O'DONNELL and Mr. KILGORE, after to-day, on all political questions until further notice, and on the world's fair question. The roll was called, and each member responding indicated his choice, Mr. COOPER, of Indiana, and Mr. WILLIAMS, of Illinois, until furas follows: ther notice, on the world's fair question. If not paired Mr. COOPER CHICAGO-114. would vote for Chicago and Mr. WILLIAMS for St. Louis. Adams, Craig, Kennedy, The SPEAKER. Shively, The Clerk will recapitulate the names of mem- Allen, Mich. Crain, Kerr, Iowa Smith, 111. bers voting. Anderson, Kans. Culbertson, Pa. Lacey, Smith, W. Va. Mr. WILLIAMS, of Ohio. I ask unanimous consent that the read- Barwig, Cutcheon, La Follette, Smyser, Belknap, Dalzell, Lawler, Snider, ing of the names be dispensed with. Boothman, Davidson, Laws, Spooner, The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks it will conduce to accuracy to Brewer, Dolliver, Lind, Springer, have the names recapitulated. Brickner, Dorsey, Martin, Ind. Stephenson, Brookshire, Durnell, Mason, The Clerk read the names. Struble, Browne, T. M. Evans, McClellan, Taylor, Ill. Mr. WIKE. Mr. Speaker, my colleague Mr. WILLIAMS is detained Bullock, Ewart, McCord, Taylor, Tenn. at home by sickness. If present he would vote for St. Louis. Burrows, Fithian,' McCreary, Taylor, E. B. Burton, Flick, McKenna, Taylor, J. D. Mr. BREWER. My colleague Mr. Bliss is paired with the gentle- Butterworth, Funston, McKinley, Thomas, man from California [Mr.BIGGS). If present he would vote for Chicago. Bynum, Gear, Morey, Thompson, The SPEAKER. The Chair hopes that when the result of the vote Caldwell, Gest, Morrow, Townsend, Colo. Cannon, Gifford, Outhwaite, Townsend, Pa. is announced there will be no expression of applause either in the gal- Carter, Grosvenor, Owen, Ind. Turner, Kans. leries or on the floor. The number of votes cast is 303, of which 152 Caswell, Hansbrough, Parrett, Van Schaick, would be a majority. Chicago has received 114 votes; New York, 72; Cheadle, Haugen, Payson, Walker, Mass. Cheatham, Hayes, Pendleton, Watson, St. Louis, 61; and Washington, 56. No place having received a ma- Chipman, Haynes, Perkins, Wheeler, Mich. jority of all the votes cast, the Clerk will again call the roll. Clark, Wis. Henderson, Ill. Peters, Whiting, Clunie, The roll was called, and the vote was as follows: Henderson, Iowa Pickler, Wickham, Comstock, Hermann, OHICAGO-121. Post, Williams, Ohio Conger, Pugsiey, Wilson, Wash. Adams, Craig, Kerr, Iowa Shively Connell, Hitt, Ray, Yoder. Alderson, Crain, Lacey, Smith, ill. Hopkins, Cooper, 'Ohio Rowell, Allen, Mich. Culbertson, Pa, La Follette, Smith, w. Va. Kelley, Cowles, Scranton, Anderson, Kans. Cutcheon, Lawler, Smyser, Barwig, Dalzell, Laws, NEW YORK-72. Snider, Davidson, Lind, Belknap, Spooner, Andrew, Dingley, McAdoo, Sherman, Boothman, Dolliver, Martin, Ind. Springer, Baker, Dunphy, McCarthy, Simonds, Brewer, Dorsey, Mason, Stephenson, Barnes, Elliott, McCormick, Spinola, Brickner, Dunnell, McClellan, Struble, Beckwith, Farquhar, Miles, Stahlnecker, Brookshire, Evans, McCord, Sweney, Belden, Fitch, Moffitt, Stewart, Vt. Browne, T. M. Ewart, McCreary, Taylor, nu. Bingham, Flood, Moore, N. H. Stivers, Bullock, Fithian, McKenna, Taylor, Tenn. Blount, Flower, Mutchler, Tillman, Burrows, Flick, McKinley, Taylor, E. B. Boutelle, Fowler, Nute, Tracey, Burton, Funston, Morey, Taylor, J. D. Brosius, Geissenhainer, Osborne, Turner, N, Y. Gear, Butterworth, Morrow, Thomas, Brunner, Herbert, Venable, Payne, Bynum, Gest, Outhwaite, Thompson, Buckalew, Ketchamı, Penington, Wallace, Mass. Caldwell, Gifford, Owen, Ind. Townsend, Colo. Campbell, Knapp, Perry, Wallace, N. Y. Grosvenor, Cannon, Parrett, Townsend, Pa. Carlton, Laidlaw, Quackenbush, Wiley, Carter, Hall, Payson, Vandever, Clancy, Lansing, Quinn, Wilkinson, Caswell, Hansbrough, Pendleton, Van Schaick, Covert, Lehlbach, Raines, Willcox, Haugen, Cheadle, Perkins, Walker, Mass. Cummings, Lester, Ga. Rockwell, Wright, Cheatham, Hayes, Peters, Watson, De Lano, Lodge, Yardley, Russell, Chipman, Pickler, Haynes, Wheeler, Mich. Dibble, Magner, The Speaker Sawyer, Clark, Wis. Henderson, Ill. Post, Whiting, ST. LOUIS–61. Clunie, Henderson, Iowa Pugsley, Wickham, Abbott, McMillin, Hermann, Williams, Ohio. Dockery, Stone, Ky. Cogswell, Ray, Comstock, Hill, Reed, Iowa, Wilson, Wash. Anderson, Miss. Ellis, McRae, Stone, Mo. Conger, Hitt, Rockwell, Yoder. Bland, Enloe, Mills, Tarsney, Forman, Rowell, Boatner, Montgomery, Connell, Turner, Ga. Hopkins, Morrill, Turpin, Cooper, Ohio Breckinridge, Ark, Frank, Kelley, Scranton, Niedringhaus, Brown, J. B. Goodnight, Vandever, Cowles, Kennedy, Seney, Candler, Ga. Grimes, Norton, Wade, NEW YORK-83. Carlisle, Hare, Oates, Walker, Mo. Andrew, Dingley, Magner, Sawyer, Caruth, Hatch, O'Neall, Ind. Washington, Baker, Dunphy, McAdoo, Sherman, Catchings, Heard Peel, Wike, Barnes, Edmunds, McCarthy, Simonds, Cate, Holman, Pierce, Wilson, Ky. Beckwith, Elliott, McCormick, Spinola, Clarke, Ala. Kinsey, Price, Wilson, Mo. Belden, Farquhar, Miles, Stahlnecker, Clements, Lane, Richardson, Wise. Bergen, Fitch, Moffitt, Stewart, Vt. Cobb, Lewis, Rogers, Bingham, Flood, Moore, N. H. Stivers, Crisp, Mansur, Sayers, Blount, Flower, Morse, Tillman, Culberson, Tex. Martin, Tex. Stockdale, Boutelle, Fowler, Mutchler, Tracey, WASHINGTON--56. Brosius, Geissenhainer, Nute, Turner, N. Y. Brunner, Greenbalge, O'Neill, Pa. Venable, Alderson, Compton, Lanham, Randall, Mass. Buckalew, Harmer, Osborne, Wallace, Mass. Atkinson, Dargan, Lee, Reilly, Bunn, Henderson, N. C. Payne, Wallace, N. Y. Bankhead, De Haven, Lester, Va. Reyburn, Herbert, Penington, Campbell, Wheeler, Ala. Banks, Edmunds, Maish, Robertson, Ketcham, Carlton, Perry, Wiley, Bartine, Finley, McClammy, Rowland, Clancy, Knapp, Quackenbush, Wilkinson, Bayne, Gibson, McConas, Rusk, Covert, Laidlaw, Quinn, Willcox, Bergen, Greenhalge, Milliken, Scull, Raines, Crisp, Lansing, Wright, Blanchard, Grout, Moore, Tex. Stewart, Ga. Rowland, Cummings, Lehlbach, Yardley, Bowden, Harmer, Morgan, Stewart, Tex. De Lano, Lester, Ga. Stockbridge, Russell, The Speaker. Breckinridge, Ky. Hemphill, Morse, Dibble, Lodge, Sanford, Brower, Stump, Henderson, N. C. O'Ferrall, Browne, Va. Hooker, O'Neil, Mass. ST. LOUIS—59. Tucker, Buchanan, Va. Houk, O'Neill, Pa. Wheeler, Ala. Abbott, Dockery, Martin, Tex. Sayers, Bunn, Kerr, Pa. Owens, Ohio Wilson, W. Va. Anderson, Miss. Ellis, McMillin, Stockdale, Bland, Enloe, McRae, Stone, Ky. Forman, Boatner, Mills, Stone, Mo. Allen, Miss. Coleman, Seney, O'Donnell, Breckinridge, Ark. Frank, Montgomery, Tarsney, Arnold, Cooper, Ind. Paynter, Skinner, Goodnight, Brown, J. B. Morrill, Turner, Ga. Biggs, Cothran, Phelan, Sweney, Grimes, Candler, Ga. Niedringhaus, Turpin, Bliss, Darlington, Whitthorne, Randall, Pa. Hare, Carlisle, Norton, Wade, Buchanan, N. J. Forney, Wilber, Reed, Iowa Hatch, Cate, Oates, Walker, Mo. Candler, Mass. Hall, Rife, Williams, Ill. Caruth, Heard, O'Neall, Ind. Washington, Cogswell, Sanford, Kilgore, Catchings, Holman, Peel, Wike, Kinsey, Pierce, Wilson, Ky. Clements, Lane, Price, Wilson, Mo. litical questions until further notice: Cobb, Lewis, Richardson, Wise. Culberson, Tex. Mansur, Rogers, |
Which of the following best demonstrates a change or condition that reflect Gradys hopes for the South?
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