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The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry manages 8 Japan quotas including honey. These quotas were put in place by the Japan–Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA). Australian exporters can export a specific amount of honey to Japan on a first-come, first-served (FCFS) basis until the available quota amount has been exhausted. The amount of quota available changes annually for honey (check out the total volume of quota agreed on all Japan quotas until 2024). Exporters can use the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade tariff portal to find the current tariff rate applying to their product and to compare the tariff reduction received under both the JAEPA and the CPTPP agreements.
Current quota usageThe quota usage tables show the total quantity of quota shipped by Australia for JAEPA products. The tables are updated regularly. Check out the current quota usage for Japan honey. Apply for a JAEPA quota certificate for honeyNote: You can only apply for a quota certificate for a consignment of honey within 21 days of your product leaving Australia. To apply for a quota certificate for a consignment of honey to Japan en exporter will need to: To complete the application it may be necessary to refer to the eligible AHECC codes. Once the application is approved, the Quota Unit will email the quota certificate directly to the email address provided on the application form. JAEPA certificates cannot be amended so if there is a change to the exporter, importer, product type or quantity of the consignment the original certificate will be cancelled and a new certificate will be issued and emailed. Note: Quota administration is cost recovered on a per certificate basis in accordance with the Export Charges (Imposition-General) Regulation 2021 and the Export Control (Fees and Payments) Rules 2021. Exporters are invoiced monthly for any quota certificates issued. The current cost recovered amount is $84 per certificate issued. Historical quota usageThese tables show how the JAEPA quotas have filled in previous years. LegislationThe Export Control (Tariff Rate Quotas-General) Rules 2021 govern the rules honey, which is defined as a non-prescribed good. Exporters should be familiar with these rules. Background to JAEPAJAEPA eliminates or reduces barriers to trade in goods between Japan and Australia. JAEPA entered into force on 15 January 2015. Data collectionThe Quota Unit collects and manages the data presented on this website for commercial and government use. Contact usGet updates about Japan quotas directly by joining our subscription list. Simply email the Quota Unit with your name and the word ‘subscribe’ in the heading. For queries or assistance with the JAEPA honey quota, contact the Quota Unit: Phone: 02 6272 4068 United States Commercial Service The United States Commercial Service (USCS) is the trade promotion arm of the International Trade Administration within the United States Department of Commerce. The mission of the USCS is to promote the export of goods and services from the United States, particularly by small- and medium-sized businesses; to represent U.S. business interests internationally; and to help U.S. businesses find qualified international partners. The USCS helps U.S. small and medium sized business grow international sales by providing: * Online and customized market research. * Support for U.S. exhibitors in selected overseas and domestic trade shows to attract qualified business partners. * Fee-based programs to introduce exporters of U.S. products to qualified buyers and distributors. * Individualized counseling and advocacy. * Training programs on subjects such as export documentation, export controls, and the basics of exporting. The core of the USCS is the network of international trade specialists in U.S. Export Assistance Centers throughout the United States and the USCS commercial officers, specialists, assistants and other staff located at USCS offices in U.S. embassies and consulates in more than 150 cities in 80 countries. USCS links to assist your business: Find an Export Assistance Center Contact a Trade Specialist Near You U.S. Government International Financing Programs U.S. Commercial Service Market Research Library Common Export Documents Export Licenses Trade Events Report a trade barrier Export.gov Export.gov brings together resources from across the U.S. Government to assist American businesses in planning international sales strategies and succeeding in today's global marketplace. Export.gov was also created to provide better customer service for businesses interacting with the Federal Government. The U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration manages Export.gov as a collaborative effort with the 19 Federal Agencies that offer export assistance programs and services. From market research and trade leads from the U.S. Department of Commerce's Commercial Service to export finance information from Export-Import BankSmall Business Administration to agricultural export assistance from USDA, Export.gov helps American exporters navigate the international sales process and avoid pitfalls such as non-payment and intellectual property misappropriation. Whether you are a small business or a large business, you have access to a wide range of resources to help you expand sales abroad, increase jobs and opportunity in the United States, and improve your company's profitability. Export-Import Bank of the United States The U.S. Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank) is the principal government agency responsible for aiding the export of American goods and services, and thereby creating and sustaining U.S. jobs, through a variety of loan, guarantee, and insurance programs. Generally, its programs are available to any American export firm regardless of size. The Ex-Im Bank focuses much of its energy and resources to providing support to U.S. small businesses for export of U.S. made products. There are no transactions, in terms of dollars, that are too small for the Ex-Im Bank to consider. Programs aimed at this sector include Export Credit Insurance, and Working Capital Guarantee programs. Overseas Private Investment Corporation The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) is an agency of the United States Government established in 1971 that helps U.S. businesses invest overseas and promotes economic development in new and emerging markets. OPIC's mission is to "foster economic development in new and emerging markets, support U.S. foreign policy and create U.S. jobs by helping U.S. businesses to invest overseas." The agency provides political risk insurance against the risks of inconvertibility, political violence, or expropriation. OPIC also provides financing through direct loans and loan guarantees. United States Trade and Development Agency The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) is a foreign assistance agency that advances economic development and U.S. commercial interests in developing and middle-income countries. The agency accomplishes its mission by providing grant funding to overseas project sponsors for various activities, including technical assistance, feasibility studies, and training. USTDA awards grants directly to overseas project sponsors who, in turn, select U.S. companies to perform agency-funded activities. The sponsor may be a government institution at the national, state/provincial, or local level, or it may be a local private company. USTDA activities are designed to facilitate U.S. private sector participation in overseas development projects that have the potential to generate significant exports of U.S. goods and services. The agency also promotes overseas development by providing project sponsors with access to U.S. private sector solutions to their development needs. Related topics: Small Business Related links: U.S. Commercial ServiceExport.govU.S. Export-Import Bank
Guide to using JAEPA to export and import goods [PDF 678 KB] Sample JAEPA origin certification document [DOCX 28 KB] IntroductionThe Japan-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA) delivers substantial benefits for the Australian economy, making it easier to do business with Japan, our second-largest trading partner. JAEPA is the most liberalising bilateral trade agreement that Japan has ever concluded, providing Australian exporters, importers, investors and producers a significant advantage over their international competitors. JAEPA eliminates or reduces barriers to trade in goods between Japan and Australia. This benefits Australian businesses that seek to export Australian goods to Japan or want to import Japanese goods for sale in Australia or for use as inputs into further manufacturing. A key impediment to importing and exporting goods is tariffs (customs duties) – taxes imposed by governments on goods arriving from overseas. On full implementation, JAEPA will provide 97 per cent of Australian exports (by 2013 import value) with customs duty-free or preferential tariff access to Japanese markets. This includes rapid reduction of prohibitive tariffs on agricultural products and elimination of tariffs on 99.7 per cent of Australian resources, energy and manufacturing exports on day one of JAEPA's operation. This step-by-step guide seeks to assist Australian exporters and importers in taking advantage of preferential tariff treatment under JAEPA. This guide will help you answer the following questions: What goods am I exporting/importing?
How are these goods treated under JAEPA?
Where are my goods produced?
My goods qualify for preferential treatment under JAEPA. How do I ensure I get the lower tariff rate?
Step 1: WHAT goods am I exporting or importing? (tariff classification) Step 2: HOW are these goods treated under JAEPA? (tariff treatment) Step 3: WHERE are my goods produced? (rules of origin) Step 4: CERTIFY the origin of my goods Top of page 1. What Step 1: identify the tariff classification of your goodsDetermining how JAEPA treats a particular good requires correct identification of that good. In JAEPA, as in all trade agreements and the WTO, goods are identified by reference to an internationally-recognised system known as the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, commonly referred to as the Harmonized System (HS). The HS is a broad classification system of around 5000 six-digit product categories. Typically, countries further sub-divide the six-digit HS product categories into eight-digit or more tariff lines for greater specificity (Australia uses eight-digit tariff codes and Japan uses nine-digit codes). ClassificationThere are multiple ways to find out the HS code applicable to your product: Advance RulingsIf in doubt about the HS classification applicable to your goods, it is a good idea to seek an advance ruling from the appropriate customs administration. Under JAEPA, Australian exporters or producers can directly request an advance ruling from Japan's Customs Service on the tariff classification of the goods intended for export. More information is available at http://www.customs.go.jp/english/c-answer_e/imtsukan/1202_e.htm If you are importing goods into Australia and would like an advance ruling, please contact the ACBPS. More information can be found at https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/Busi/cargo-support-trade-and-goods/importing-goods/tariff-classification-of-goods/tariff-advice-system
Australian and Japanese customs authorities are required to provide written advance rulings on tariff classification, valuation and origin in response to requests by importers, exporters or producers in the either Party. This gives greater certainty to businesses. Advance rulings can cover the HS classification applicable to your goods, the method the relevant customs authority will use to assess the value of your goods or whether your goods are considered 'originating' for the purposes of JAEPA (see Step 3). Top of page 2. How Step 2: understand how your goods will be treated under JAEPAOnce you have the tariff code, you can determine how your goods will be treated under JAEPA. Both Japan and Australia have set out their commitments to reduce duty rates on goods in lists, called tariff schedules. The schedules contain thousands of rows of tariff lines that show in a column the base duty rate on which reductions occur (if required). In a separate column a code is used to indicate the tariff staging category for that product. A further column indicates any specific notes applicable to that tariff line. You can check how your goods will be treated by either country by reading their tariff schedules, both of which form Annex 1 to the Agreement and can be found here. ExportersIf you are exporting to Japan, you will need to check Japan's tariff schedule. Japan's JAEPA tariff schedule can be difficult to navigate and contains a great deal of variation and detail in terms of staging categories relating to the treatment of products (see box on page 4). To assist Australian exporters, an unofficial 'explanatory' schedule has been prepared, which reflects outcomes at Japan's nine-digit tariff line level. This document is for guidance only; you should rely on Japan's original tariff schedule as the authoritative document. Under JAEPA, Australia also has access to exclusive Australia-only tariff rate quotas for a range of agriculture products (see page 6 for more information). JAEPA exempts Australian exports from its automatic global 'snapback' beef safeguard, but does include a discretionary lower tariff rate safeguard measure on fresh and frozen beef (see box on page 6). ImportersIf you are importing from Japan, you will need to check Australia's tariff schedule. Australian staging categories range from 'A' – indicating that existing duty free access will be maintained – to 'G', indicating gradual elimination of the base duty rate over 5 equal annual stages, beginning in the fourth year of JAEPA's operation and falling to 0 by year 8.
When reading the tariff schedules, it is important to know the year of JAEPA's operation. JAEPA entered into force on 15 January 2015, making the first year of the Agreement 2015. JAEPA then measures each year of operation from 1 April, thus:
Japan's staging categories can appear complex and detailed. The following is a quick guide to the effects of the different staging categories:
Reading the tariff schedules – examplesThe Australian and Japanese tariff schedules look slightly different, but each schedule contains the following information:
The Japanese schedule also contains a column referencing notes that provide more information about the treatment of those specific goods (column 5).
In the above examples, Australian tariffs on screwdrivers, in staging category B, will be eliminated on entry into force. Tariffs on oil or petrol filters for combustion engines, in staging category C, will be eliminated in three equal annual stages so as to be free of duty by year three of JAEPA's operation.
In the above examples, Japanese tariffs on mineral waters, in category A, will be eliminated on entry into force of JAEPA. Accordingly, no base rate has been specified. Cotton dresses, in category B4, will be reduced from a base rate of 10.9 per cent in five equal annual stages. Fresh or chilled beef will be reduced (but not eliminated) from a base rate of 38.5 per cent in accordance with the provisions of Note 3. As this product falls in the PS category, this reduction is subject to further review within five years of JAEPA's entry into force. Sausages, in category Q, are subject to a quota, the details of which are set out in note 45. Exporting to Japan under JAEPA's Tariff Rate QuotasUnder JAEPA, Australian exporters have access to exclusive Australian-only tariff rate quotas (TRQs) on 19 agricultural products. These products are identified by a "Q" or "QS" in the staging category column on the schedule. Some of these agricultural TRQs are administered by Australia, and some are administered by Japan. TRQ Products administered by Australia
Information about how to apply for a certificate of TRQ for these Australian administered TRQs may be found at: www.agriculture.gov.au/japanquotas TRQ Products administered by Japan
Information about how to apply for a certificate of TRQ for these Japan administered TRQs can be found at: www.maff.go.jp/j/kokusai/boueki/triff/t_aus/06/01/h26/h261225/index.html (Japanese only).
In a first, JAEPA exempts Australian beef exports from Japan's automatic global beef "snapback" mechanism, where it has the right to raise tariffs up to 50% if there is a surge in imports. The snapback mechanism remains in place for other beef exporting countries. JAEPA does include a discretionary Australia-specific agricultural safeguard measure on fresh and frozen beef. Agricultural safeguard measures are generally used to protect domestic industry from sudden surges in imports. Under the safeguard measures Japan has the right to apply the higher non-preferential tariff rate on beef (currently 38.5%) if import volumes exceed a set trigger level for a given year. The trigger levels for frozen and fresh/chilled beef are treated separately – but both trigger levels are set well above current trade and will grow. The trigger levels are set out in Annex 1 of JAEPA. If the trigger level is exceeded, and Japan chooses to apply the safeguard, Australian beef exporters will continue to be able to export beef but will no longer benefit from the prevailing reduced tariff rate provided by JAEPA on those beef exports above the trigger level. Any product in transit between Japan choosing to apply the safeguard and its implementation will still receive the reduced rate. Japanese authorities will notify the Australian Government if they intend to apply the safeguard, after which the Government will notify relevant peak industry bodies as a priority. Top of page 3. Where? Step 3: Determine whether your goods meet rules of origin requirementsJAEPA preferential rules of origin (ROO) are agreed criteria used to ensure that only goods that originate in either Japan or Australia enjoy preferential tariff rates. These criteria are required to prevent transhipment, where goods from a third party are redirected through either Japan or Australia to avoid paying higher tariffs. Any imports into Japan or Australia that do not comply with the ROO set out in Chapter 3 and Annex 2: Product Specific Rules (PSRs) will be subject to the general rate of duty applied in Australia or Japan instead of the preferential tariff rates available under JAEPA. In general, a good will qualify as 'originating' under JAEPA if it is:
Wholly Obtained GoodsWholly obtained goods are goods which are exclusively derived from one country. Typically these are agricultural goods and natural resources (90% of Australia's current exports to Japan fall within this category). The table on page 12 sets out the categories of goods which JAEPA treats as wholly obtained. However, JAEPA also treats goods that are made exclusively from wholly obtained goods (from either Japan or Australia) as being wholly obtained (Art. 3.3(l)). Goods containing inputs from outside Japan or AustraliaGoods made from inputs sourced from outside Japan or Australia may still qualify as originating, as long as they have undergone a 'substantial transformation' in Japan or Australia (or both). Goods with a very small proportion of imported inputs – less than 10 per cent of the product's value, will not need to comply with a PSR. See page 9 for more information. Understanding PSRsChange in tariff classificationMost PSRs in JAEPA apply a change in tariff classification (CTC) rule. A CTC rule requires that any non-originating inputs/materials that are incorporated into the final good undergo a specified change in tariff classification (HS code) in Australia or Japan. For example, pure, unwrought gold (HS 7108) has a different classification to gold jewellery (falling within articles of jewellery in HS 7113). In the process of being incorporated into jewellery, the tariff classification of pure gold changes. This means that jewellery manufactured in Australia or Japan from imported gold would count as 'originating', regardless of the origin of the unwrought gold. Different products may be subject to different CTC rules. There are three types of CTC rule which could apply:
In JAEPA, Australia and Japan agreed, for simplicity, to consolidate (where possible) the list of PSRs. This means that, where whole groups of products are subject to the same PSR, they are listed as a group only. For instance, all 26 sub-headings in Chapter 10 (Cereals) are subject to a CC rule, so Chapter 10 is listed as only one line in the PSR schedule. Qualifying Value ContentA CTC is not the only way to identify substantial transformations. Some PSRs require a product to have undergone a specific amount of value-add in Japan or Australia, measured by the 'qualifying value content' (QVC) of the good. Some PSRs provide a QVC rule as an alternative to a CTC rule; others require a QVC in addition to a CTC rule. A QVC approach stipulates that originating materials and processes must represent a specific proportion of the product's final value. More information about calculating QVC is provided on page 12. Although the term 'Qualifying Value Content' or QVC was used for the official text of JAEPA, the term has the same meaning as 'Regional Value Content' (or RVC), used in other trade agreements Australia has concluded. For the purposes of providing consistency for traders, a QVC requirement under JAEPA is listed as RVC in Australia's domestic legislation and Australian Customs and Border Protection's instructional materials.
Using the tariff classification from step 1, you can check Annex 2: Product Specific Rules. Using your good's tariff code, identify the relevant entry in the schedule. Recall that some goods will only be listed by chapter or tariff heading, not down to the six-digit sub-heading level. Once you have found the relevant entry, the third column identifies the relevant PSR, for example:
In the above example, non-originating inputs into soya sauce must undergo a change in chapter (change in the first two digits of the HS classification). Gas-fuelled cooking appliances, on the other hand, must either have all non-originating materials used in production undergo a change in the tariff classification at the four-digit level (change in tariff heading or CTH) or be made with a QVC of at least 40 per cent. PVC piping must undergo a change in tariff classification at the six-digit level (change in tariff sub-heading or CTSH). The letters in the fourth column refer to specific notes which apply to the PSRs for that product. These notes apply to goods produced through specific processes (such as chemical reactions). More information can be found in the headnotes to Annex 2 or by contacting your customs broker. Other Important ROOsThere are other important factors to take into account in understanding whether your good qualifies as 'originating'. The 10 per cent (de minimis) ruleWhere a good contains a small amount of imported inputs, but those non-originating inputs fail to meet the necessary CTC rule once incorporated in the final good, the product may still be considered originating. If the value of all non-originating materials used in producing the good does not exceed 10 per cent of the customs value of the good, the product will count as originating under this rule. There are exceptions to this rule – for example, for textiles goods the 10 per cent measurement is applied by weight. Further, non-originating materials of goods in HS Chapters 1-24 must also have undergone a CTSH (change at the six-digit level) to be able to apply the 10 per cent rule. Goods seeking to use this rule must comply with any other applicable requirements of the ROOs. Further information can be found in JAEPA Art. 3.4(3). Box 3 on page 12 provides details on calculating a good's adjusted value. AccumulationThe rule of accumulation provides that goods which are originating in one country are considered originating in the other for the purposes of JAEPA. Thus, if Australian-originating goods were incorporated into a product made in Japan, that input would be treated as if it originated in Japan. Fungible goods and materialsFungible goods are those which are identical or interchangeable, because they are of the same kind of commercial quality, possess the same technical and physical characteristics, and, once mixed, cannot be readily distinguished. Examples include natural gas, grain, or simple parts (e.g. rivets). Specific accounting rules apply to exporters wishing to demonstrate that fungible goods are originating under JAEPA. More information is available in Art. 3.10. Non-qualifying processesGoods will not qualify as 'originating' if they have only undergone a simple process such as packaging, simple assembly or preservation methods. A full list of processes that will not confer origin is available in Art. 3.7. Indirect materialsMaterials used in the production of a good, but not physically incorporated in the good, are not counted in determining whether a good is originating. Examples include fuel and energy, tools, moulds, catalysts and solvents. A full list is available by reading Art. 3.11 in conjunction with Art. 3.1. Accessories, spare parts and toolsThe origin of accessories, spare parts or tools presented and classified with a good will not be taken into account to assess whether a good has complied with applicable CTC rule, provided that the quantity and type of accessories are customarily supplied with those finished goods and they are not invoiced separately. The value of accessories, spare parts and tools is taken into account, however, in assessing a good for the purposes of a QVC rule. Packaging materials, containers and packingFor the purposes of the CTC rule, retail packaging materials are not taken into account to determine whether a product incorporates non-originating materials. However, the value of retail packaging materials is considered in assessing the value of a good for the purposes of a QVC rule, where one applies. Further information can be found in JAEPA Art. 3.13. Packing materials for shipping and transport are not considered in determining origin. Transit through a third-partyJAEPA is designed to reflect modern trading practices, including the use of transport and distribution hubs for consignments of goods. Under JAEPA Art. 3.8, goods that are transhipped through a third-party (e.g. Singapore) will not lose their originating status so long as they do not undergo any operation other than storing, repacking, relabelling, splitting up for transport reasons or any operation necessary to preserve the goods in good condition to be transported on to Japan or Australia. However, goods shipped through a third-party must remain under customs control, or they will lose their originating status. A simple guide to using Rules of Origin under JAEPA
Top of page 4. Certify Step 4: Prepare a certificate of origin for your goodsOnce you have completed the first three steps and determined that your goods will qualify for preferential tariff treatment under JAEPA, you will need to have the appropriate origin documentation to demonstrate this, should you be asked, to the importing customs. There are two ways to do this. Certificates of OriginCertificates of Origin (COOs) are one means of demonstrating the originating status of your goods. COOs can be obtained from organisations authorised by the Australian or Japanese Governments. For Australian exporters, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI), Australian Industry Group (Ai Group) and the International Export Certification Services (IECS) are authorised to issue COOs. Contact details for these organisations can be found on page 15. Charges will apply for a COO from ACCI, Ai Group or IECS. Origin Certification DocumentsAlternatively, an importer, exporter or producer may choose to complete an Origin Certification Document (OCD). This is often referred to as self-certification. An OCD may be in any format but must, as a minimum, include information under five different headings ('data elements') to enable customs authorities to assess the goods. These data elements are set out in JAEPA Annex 3 and as an annex to this document. To assist traders, a 'sample' OCD has been agreed by Australia and Japan [DOCX 28 KB]. Both COOs and OCDs remain valid for a year, and apply to a single consignment. Exporters or producers must maintain all records necessary to demonstrate goods' origin for five years from the date the COO is signed or the OCD is completed. Art. 3.20 provides further detail on record keeping requirements. Waiver of origin documentationA COO may not always be required. For certain goods, Australia and Japan have waived the requirement altogether. Neither country will require a COO or OCD for goods where the total customs value is less than $1000 AUD (for Australia) or ¥100,000 (for Japan). VerificationCustoms authorities may need to verify the information contained in a COO or an OCD. The approach for such processes is outlined in Art. 3.21. Verification activities may involve:
Where information is requested, an importer, exporter, producer or authorised body has 45 days to respond. When a visit is requested, an exporter or producer should provide written consent within 30 days from the receipt of notification. Arts. 3.21 and 3.22 provides further information. Appeal ProceduresIf you are unhappy with a decision made by a customs administration at any point in seeking a preferential tariff under JAEPA, you are entitled to appeal that decision in accordance with JAEPA Art. 1.6. DisclaimerDFAT does not guarantee, and accepts no liability whatsoever arising from or connected to, the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of any material in this Guide or any linked Australian Government website. Users of this Guide should exercise their own skill and care with respect to the information and advice in this Guide. Top of page AustraliaJapanTop of page Annex: Elements for documentary evidence of origin (COOs and OCDs) and sample OCD
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