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Change is inevitable in the life of an individual or organisation. In today’s business world, most of the organisations are facing a dynamic and changing business environment. They should either change or die, there is no third alternative. Organisations that learn and cope with change will thrive and flourish and others who fail to do so will be wiped out. The major forces which make the changes not only desirable but inevitable are technological, economic, political, social, legal, international and labor market environments. Recent surveys of some major organisations around the world have shown that all successful organisations are continuously interacting with the environment and making changes in their structural design or philosophy or policies or strategies as the need be. There are a number of factors both internal and external which affect organisational functioning. Any change in these factors necessitates changes in an organisation. The more important factors are as follows: 1. External Forces for Organizational ChangeExternal environment affects the organisations both directly and indirectly. The organisations do not have any control over the variables in such an environment. Accordingly, the organisation cannot change the environment but must change themselves to align with the environment. A few of these factors are:
2. Internal Forces for Organizational ChangeInternal forces for organizational change are too many and it is very difficult to list them comprehensively. However, major internal causes are explained as follows:
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