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Some people who have cardiomyopathy never have symptoms, while others may show signs as the disease progresses. Cardiomyopathy represents a collection of diverse conditions of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, symptoms, and treatments and can affect people of all ages and races. When cardiomyopathy occurs, the normal muscle in the heart can thicken, stiffen, thin out, or fill with substances the body produces that do not belong in the heart muscle. As a result, the heart muscle’s ability to pump blood is reduced, which can lead to irregular heartbeats, the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body, and heart failure. Cardiomyopathy can be acquired—developed because of another disease, condition, or factor—or inherited. The cause isn’t always known. The main types of cardiomyopathy include the following1-4:
How common is cardiomyopathy?Cardiomyopathy often goes undiagnosed,5 so the numbers can vary. As many as 1 of 500 adults may have this condition.6,7 Males and females of all ages and races can have cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is more common in blacks than in whites and in males than in females.5 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is thought to be the most common inherited or genetic heart disease. While this type of cardiomyopathy occurs at many ages, in children and young adults with this condition there may be no symptoms, yet they are at high risk of sudden cardiac death. CausesAlthough the cause of cardiomyopathy is sometimes unknown, certain diseases or conditions can lead to cardiomyopathy. These include the following1-4:
SymptomsSome people who have cardiomyopathy never have symptoms, while others may show signs as the disease progresses. These might include the following:
Treatment and PreventionThe goal of treatment is to slow down the disease, control symptoms, and prevent sudden death. If you are diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, your doctor may tell you to change your diet and physical activity, reduce stress, avoid alcohol and other drugs, and take medicines. Your doctor may also treat you for the conditions that led to cardiomyopathy, if they exist, or recommend surgery. Treatment also depends on which type of cardiomyopathy you have. Genetic or inherited types of cardiomyopathy cannot be prevented, but adopting or following a healthier lifestyle can help control symptoms and complications. If you have an underlying disease or condition that can cause cardiomyopathy, early treatment of that condition can help prevent the disease from developing. Pediatric CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy can occur in children regardless of age, race, and gender. Pediatric cardiomyopathy can be inherited or acquired through a viral infection and sometimes the cause is unknown. It is a frequent cause of sudden cardiac arrest in the young, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Treatment may include medications, changes to physical activity, or surgery. In many cases, early detection and intervention can help to improve outcomes for children. Additional ResourcesReferences
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle which affects its size, shape or thickness. Common cardiomyopathies include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathy can be caused by other heart and circulatory conditions (acquired cardiomyopathy), but it can also be inherited. This means a faulty gene can be passed down through families. Some family members may be affected more than others and some may not be affected or have any symptoms. Some people don't notice many symptoms or symptoms might be mild. However, others might get symptoms that worsen as time goes on. Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can include:
Symptoms are usually much improved with treatment. If you have any of the above symptoms you should make an appointment with your GP to check if you have any health issues. If you have difficulty breathing or have intense chest pain, call 999 immediately. Types of cardiomyopathyThere are three main types of cardiomyopathy, which are usually inherited: Another type of cardiomyopathy known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, can be caused by emotional and physical stress. This type is not passed on through families and often gets better in a few weeks. Other, specialised types of cardiomyopathy include:
You can find more information about these conditions on Cardiomyopathy UK’s website. What causes cardiomyopathy?Some people get cardiomyopathy due to another condition or risk factor they have, but for many the cause can’t be found. Some things that can lead to cardiomyopathy include: Can you recover from cardiomyopathy?Cardiomyopathy can't be cured but with treatment, symptoms can be improved and many people continue to lead a full and active lives. Lower the symptoms and reduce further heart failure by:
What does cardiomyopathy do to the heart?The changes to your heart are different for each type of cardiomyopathy and can affect people differently. They all affect the structure of your heart and reduce its ability to pump blood around the body. They can also affect the way the electrical system makes your heart beat. Watch Deb's story on living with dilated cardiomyopathy. Treatments for cardiomyopathyAlthough inherited cardiomyopathy cannot be cured, in most cases living with it will not affect your quality or length of life. There are many effective treatments that can help you control your symptoms such as: Your GP or cardiologist will be able to let you know what treatments are right for you. You may also need to make some lifestyle changes such as cutting down on the amount of alcohol you drink. A small number of people with cardiomyopathy do experience significant symptoms which affect their life and their family’s lives. In some cases, there is a small risk of sudden arrhythmic death (SADS). It's important to discuss this risk with your doctor. They may offer medication or advise that you need an ICD fitted if you are at an increased risk. Testing for inherited heart conditionsBecause cardiomyopathies can be inherited, you should speak to your doctor about screening for you and your family. It’s important that families affected by cardiomyopathy receive accurate assessment, diagnosis, treatment and support from specialists. You can also talk to one of our cardiac nurses about screening for you and your family on our Genetic Information Service on 0300 456 8383. Lines are open from 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday (charged at a similar rate to 01 or 02 calls). You can trust our health informationWe've followed an eight-step process to make sure this content is reliable, accurate and trustworthy. Learn how we make our health information reliable and easy to understand. Page last reviewed: May 2021 Support our researchWe’ve already made breakthroughs in understanding cardiomyopathy but we need your support to continue our ground-breaking work. Your donations help us fund hundreds of top scientists all over the UK, working on more than a thousand different research projects. Donate now
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A booklet providing information about the inherited condition hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It describes the condition, diagnosis, treatment, how it affects your family and how to live with the condition. Get this publication
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