Driveways aren't just for cars. Many of the 75 million driveways in the U.S. do double duty as play areas and convenient workspaces for all kinds of projects. But an increasing number of driveways are showing their age: cracks, heaving, spalling and other signs of distress. Many of these surfaces can be renewed with the procedures while others must be replaced. Show Although 90 percent of driveways in the United States are either asphalt or concrete, there are a number of other options including crushed stone, gravel, cobblestone, and interlocking concrete pavers in a variety of patterns. Prices range from $1 per square foot for stone and gravel to $13 or more for cobblestone paving. To make your decision easier, we'll lay out the pros and cons as well as costs for each of the four major driveway materials, and include a few of our own recommendations. But first, we'll detail repair methods for concrete and asphalt to help you make the driveway (and basketball court/outdoor workshop) last as long as possible. Tips for Concrete Driveway RepairEven if your driveway is an expanse of puddles and potholes, it pays to explore repairing it first, DIY. It's a simple matter of dollars. For example, an asphalt topcoat costs about $2 per square foot - roughly a third of the tab for a complete driveway redo that includes soil prep, gravel, and two coats of asphalt. If your driveway is crumbling or has heaved or subsided in a major way, then your best option is to replace it. The same applies if it's allowing water to seep into the subsoil around your home. But often the problem is just cracks, which let in water that erodes the driveway base and allows freezing temperatures to do further damage. Fixing Driveway CracksNearly any size crack can be patched with concrete or cold-patch asphalt, depending on your driveway type, or with some very effective specialty materials. Clean small cracks and holes of plants and debris, then hose them clean and spray them with weed killer. Effective patching products for cracks up to 3/8 in. wide include UGL's Masonry Crack Filler ($3 a tube), Ardex's A-300 ($47 for a large bag) and Quikrete's Concrete Crack Sealer ($6.50 a quart). For holes or cracks larger than 3/8 in., use either Concrete Repair ($2.50 per quart) or Vinyl Concrete Patcher ($4.50 per half gallon), both from Quikrete. Or, you can simply mix concrete and apply it with a trowel. To fix large holes and deep cracks, fill them with gravel to within 4 in. of the surface, pour in concrete, tamp with a magnesium float and finish with a flat trowel or broom to match the existing finish. However, the larger the patch, the shorter its longevity—winter freeze/thaw cycles that exert pressure of 30,000 psi can make short work of big repairs. After patching, remove any spots with a specialty cleaner, such as Quikrete's Concrete and Asphalt Cleaner ($4.50 a quart). Then seal the repair to keep water out. UGL's Concrete Sealer ($13 a gallon, which treats 400 sq. ft.) is an affordable choice. The home-brew version: a 50-50 mix of linseed oil and mineral spirits. But keep in mind this sealer darkens the concrete. Tips for Asphalt Driveway RepairiStock As with concrete, clean cracks of plants and debris, hose them clean and spray them with weed killer. Then do your patching when temperatures are at least 60°F so the repair material will cure. Fill 1/2-in. cracks with sand to within 1/4 in. of the surface, then add an asphalt filler, such as Quikrete's Blacktop Repair ($2 a quart) or UGL's Driveway Crack Filler ($3 a tube). An alternative is Dalton's Pli-Stix, a rope-like crack and joint sealer you melt in place with a torch. For holes 1 to 2 in. wide, use Dalton's Tamp & Set Patch ($9 for 3 1/2 gal.) or Trowel & Spread Patch ($6 per gallon). You can also mix sand and blacktop sealer until stiff and apply it with a trowel. Wear gloves and use mineral spirits for cleanup. For deeper holes, pour in gravel to within 4 in. of the surface, then trowel in Dalton's Super Patch ($7 per gallon). Or, shovel in cold-patch asphalt in 1-in. layers, packing each firmly as you go with the end of a 4X4 or the head of the sledgehammer. Finish by sealing your asphalt driveway after patching and every other year thereafter. A 5-gal. pail of sealer ($9 to $16) will cover around 300 sq. ft. Large areas of concrete can't be resurfaced reliably, so your contractor will have to break up the old slab and pour a new one. For asphalt, the contractor can simply apply a base and finish coat over the existing asphalt. All cracks should be treated with weed killer and filled, and the driveway should be graded if it's not draining properly. The surface layer of asphalt should be a consistent 1 1/2 in. throughout - which could require some excavation around door openings and garage thresholds. Hiring a ProAs with all professional work, a new driveway is as good as the contractor who puts it in. Check with your neighbors who have had driveway work done. You can also find a qualified pro through a local masonry or asphalt supply house. Or check the yellow pages under "Paving Contractors" and "Asphalt and Asphalt Products." Then ask to inspect driveways they completed four or five years ago to see how they held up. Look for cracking and heaving, which indicate poor soil preparation or drainage. Once you've chosen a pro, be sure the contract guarantees the work for at least two years. It should also stipulate a payment schedule with no more than a third of the total up front and a clause ensuring that your lawn will be restored to pre-construction condition. The contract should also include:
Driveway Surface OptionsConcrete drivewaysiStock
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Nat Rea
Ardex Inc.1155 Stoops Ferry Rd., Dept. TH998Coraopolis, PA 15108 888-512-7339 Dalton Enterprises131 Willow St., Dept. TH998Cheshire, CT 06410 800-851-5606 Increte Systems8509 Sunstate St., Dept. TH998Tampa, FL 33634 800-752-4626 Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute: Offers how-to installation guide for pavers1444 I St. NW, Suite 700, Dept. TH998Washington, DC 20005-2210 703-450-4998 Pave Tech Inc.: Offers how-to installation guide for pavers, and sells a full range of equipmentP.O. Box 31126, Dept. TH998Bloomington, MN 55431 800/728-3832 Thompson's Co.Box 647, Dept. TH998Olive Branch, MS 38654 800-367-6297 Quikrete2987 Clairmont Rd., Suite 500, Dept. TH998Atlanta, GA 30329 800-282-5828 United Gilsonite LaboratoriesBox 70, Dept. TH998Scranton, PA 18501-0070 800-845-5227 |